Another French Jew of special note, as one of the first pioneers of the colonization of Palestine, was Charles Netter (1826‒1882). As early as 1858 he was the chief promoter of the “Société de Patronage des Ouvriers Juifs de Paris.” In 1859 (after the Mortara case) he conceived, together with Crémieux and others, the idea of a “Universal Jewish Alliance.” The “Alliance” was definitely formed in 1861. Netter was a member of a Committee of six charged with drawing up the rules and the general work of organization. A few schools having been established by the “Alliance” in Turkey and Morocco, Netter began to direct his attention to the condition of the Jews in Palestine. He undertook a journey to Jerusalem and made very exhaustive inquiries. On his return he laid before his colleagues a plan for the establishment of an agricultural school in the Holy Land, which was immediately adopted. Returning to Palestine, he selected a large and convenient site in the vicinity of _Jaffa_, and personally superintended the erection of the school _Mikveh Israel_, the construction of the various buildings, the boring of the wells and the laying out of the grounds and gardens. That Crémieux could not be silent or idle while the work for _Mikveh Israel_ proceeded, goes without saying. The school became the favourite institution of all the original leaders of the “Alliance.” It is a curious coincidence that the title of Manasseh Ben-Israel’s most famous book, _Mikveh Israel_ (1650),¹ became, two hundred and twenty years after its appearance, the name of the first Jewish agricultural school in Palestine. Netter visited Palestine very often in subsequent years. In 1882 he left Paris for his last visit to _Jaffa_, paying a visit to London on his way in order to consult the Jewish organizations of England on some pressing questions connected with the Jews in Palestine. He died at _Jaffa_ whilst on a visit to _Mikveh Israel_. ¹ The Hope of Israel. CHAPTER XXXIII. JEWISH COLONIZATION New developments――Two tendencies――Societies in London for supporting Jewish colonization of Palestine――_Rabbi_ Chayyim Zebi Sneersohn――Sir Moses Montefiore’s further journey to Palestine.