“... The seed of _Israel_ was meant for something more than a commercial people. Let them not only strive to find a home for their outcast brethren, but let it be their aim and object to resuscitate the national idea in _Israel_.”¹ ¹ No. 4 ... Palestina, The _Chovevi Zion_ Quarterly.... June, 1893 (History of the _Chovevi Zion_ Rise of the Movement), _pp._ 10‒13. In an address delivered in Edinburgh he struck the same note:―― “... there was no nation on the earth nearer akin to the Jewish nation than the Scottish, both in their love of the Bible and in their sympathy with all that is best in Judaism. The _Chovevi Zion_, he said, was not a charitable institution, the main object was to foster the national idea in _Israel_. Had it not been for the national idea we would have been wiped off the face of the earth long before now.¹ Colonel Goldsmid went on to show how we Jews, who are the descendants of the faithful minority in Babylon, continue to exist as heirs to the promises through all ages, while the descendants of the majority, who turned away from the national idea, no longer exist. Some people said that members of the _Chovevi Zion_ could not be good citizens, but he maintained that the true lover of _Zion_, who could be faithful after two thousand years, would die in defence of the _country_ he lived in.... When I visited Palestine in 1883, colonies were just beginning to be formed. People laughed at the idea of Jewish agriculturists. There were three small colonies, but for want of implements to work, things were at a standstill, some were actually tearing up the ground with their fingers. Through the kindness of Baron Edmond _de_ Rothschild, matters are now very different. In future, colonisation, from the experience which has been gained, would start with enormous advantages....”² ¹ Christian Englishmen have ever considered the Jews to be a historical unit, and appreciated their distinctiveness. Sir Isambard Owen, Vice-Chancellor of Bristol University, addressing a meeting of the Union of Jewish Literary Societies at Bristol in 1914, said that the work of the Union was of interest to him because it was a work which he himself had spent a good many years of his life in endeavouring to carry out amongst a nationality far smaller in numbers and far less known in history than the Jewish nationality――he meant the nationality of Wales. ² _Ibid._, No. 5.... September ... _p._ 16. Illustration: JUDAH TOURO EMMA LAZARUS MORDECAI MANUEL NOAH _Rabbi Dr._ MORRIS JACOB RAPHALL CHAPTER XLIII. THE MOVEMENT IN AMERICA Zionism echoed in America――Emma Lazarus――A call――Emma Lazarus and George Eliot――Mrs. Rose Sonnenshein――The Opposition――A Tour to Palestine――The Colonies.