1. The promotion, on suitable lines, of the colonization of Palestine by Jewish agricultural and industrial workers. 2. The organization and binding together of the whole of Jewry by means of appropriate institutions, local and international, in accordance with the laws of each country. 3. The strengthening and fostering of Jewish national sentiment and consciousness. 4. Preparatory steps towards obtaining Government consent, where necessary, to the attainment of the aim of Zionism. Illustration: _Dr._ LOUIS LOEWE _Rabbi_ _Dr._ N. M. ADLER _Baron_ M. _de_ HIRSCH _Prof. Dr._ HERMANN SCHAPIRA MOSES HESS Dr. Theodor Herzl was elected President of the Congress and Dr. Max Nordau, Dr. Salz and M. Samuel Pineles first, second and third Vice-Presidents respectively. The Executive Central Committee elected by the First Congress consisted of:―― _Vienna_: Dr. Theodor Herzl, Dr. Schnirer, Dr. Oser Kokesch, Dr. Müntz, Julius M. Kremenezky. _Austria_ (other than Galicia): Dr. Sigmund Kornfield. _Galicia_: Dr. Salz, Dr. Korkis. _Bukovina_: Dr. Meyer Ebner. _France_: M. Bernard Lazare. _Germany_: _Rabbi_ Dr. Isaac J. Rülf, Dr. Bodenheimer. _Russia_: _Rabbi_ Samuel Mohilewer, Prof. Max Mandelstamm, Dr. Jacob Kohan-Bernstein, Isidor Jasinowski. _Roumania_: Dr. Karl Lippe, Samuel Pineles. _Bulgaria and Servia_: Prof. Gregor Belkovsky. _Orient_: Jacques Behar. One of the most prominent members of the First Congress was Dr. Hermann Schapira (1840‒1898), Professor of Mathematics at the University of Heidelberg. He was a native of Russia, and had a most remarkable career. Being too poor to study, he turned to trade, and when he had saved sufficient money became a student once more. He was then already forty years of age, but his keen intellect and industry soon brought him to the forefront in mathematics, which he had studied privately without the help of a school or a teacher. He first learned his science from old _Hebrew_ books, and then from books written in other languages. So much was his pre-eminence recognized that, notwithstanding his being a Jew and a foreigner――a Russian subject――he was appointed to the Professorship of Mathematics at Heidelberg University. He remained in appearance, in manners and in mentality as typical and picturesque a member of his people as any old _Rabbi_. He was an excellent _Hebrew_ scholar, and well versed not only in ancient Jewish history and literature, but also in modern _Hebrew_ literature. Like the whole modern _Hebraist_ school, he regarded _Hebrew_ as a living tongue. His heart and soul were in the “Lovers of _Zion_” movement and in the _Hebrew_ revival. At the first Zionist Congress he solemnly called upon the delegates to declare allegiance to the cause. When differences of opinion arose, the old Professor in impassioned language appealed to all to sink their differences and personal