The Renaissance and the Reformation――John Sadler――Milton’s belief in the Return――Edmund Bunny――Isaac _de_ La Peyrère ――Leibnitz――Thomas Brightman――James Durham――The pamphlet “Doomes-Day”――Thomas Burnet――The pamphlet “The New _Jerusalem_” ――Thomas Drake――Edward Nicholas, John Sadler, Hugh Peters, Henry Jesse, Isaac Vossius, Hugo Grotius, Rembrandt, Isaac _da_ Fonseca Aboab, Dr. Ephraim Hezekiah Bueno, Dr. Abraham Zacuto Lusitano, _H. H. R._ Yahacob Sasportas, _Haham_ Jacob Jehudah Aryeh _de_ Leon [Templo]――Manasseh’s origin. AS a result of the impulse given to Letters generally by the Renaissance in the fifteenth century, and by the Reformation in the sixteenth century, the knowledge of the _Hebrew_ language and literature spread rapidly in the literary world, and particularly in the first half of the seventeenth century. _Hebrew_ was a favourite study with Puritan ministers, who dwelt much upon the Messianic hopes and promises of the Scriptures and _Rabbinical_ works. A great stir was caused among Jews as well as Christians by Montezinos’ report and other rumours concerning the lost Ten Tribes. John Sadler (1615‒1674) (Appendix xii), Town Clerk of London, a friend of Cromwell, and probably also of Milton and Dury, stated that there was an old prophecy which fixed the time of the Restoration at the year 5408 = 1648 A.D. Puritans and Sectarians began to take the greatest interest in Jewish Messianic affairs just before King Charles I. (1600‒1649) was executed, for most of them were looking forward to some new reformed Commonwealth, some new communion of saints, some republic, some peaceful kingdom of Truth and Justice, and they connected the restoration of _Israel_ scripturally with its advent. That was one reason why Sadler and Cromwell and others were favourably disposed towards the Jews and inclined to let them come back to England, for the idea prevailed that the Jews had first to be dispersed throughout the whole world before the Lord would return to set up His millennial Kingdom. Milton thought that the whole twelve tribes would return to _Zion_;¹ and similar sympathetic views are expressed in an anonymous romance published in London in 1648, entitled _Nova Solyma_ (Appendix xiii), of which it has been claimed he was the author. ¹ Paradise | Regain’d. | A | Poem. | In iv. Books. | To which is added | Samson Agonistes. | The Author | John Milton. | London, | Printed by J. M. for _John Starkey_ at the | _Mitre_ in _Fleet street_, near _Temple-Bar_ MDCLXXI (8º. 2 _ll._ + 111 + 101 + 1 _l._ ERRATA). “Licensed July 2, 1670.” [Samson Agonistes was translated into _Hebrew_ by Joseph Massel and published under the title of שמשון הגבור in Manchester, in 1890. (8º. 3 _ll._ + 107 _pp._ + 3 _ll._)] Joannis Miltoni Angli De Doctrina Christiani ... Cantabrigiæ,... M.DCCC.XXV. (_4to._ 6 _ll._ + 544 _pp._ + 1 _l._)