many years a Zionist Organization with great trouble and exemplary steadfastness, were now, since the outbreak of the war, considerably strengthened by a number of Zionist leaders from Europe. At the head of the latter――who, in the meantime, have become thoroughly Americanised ――stood Dr. Shmaria Levin, a member of the “Inner Action Committee”; who, in addition to his distinguished services as a publicist and propagandist, in which directions he displayed a vigour scarcely ever equalled and certainly excelled by no one, also freely gave his knowledge and advice in the discussion of political questions. To this group, enlarged by the leaders newly arrived from Europe, was added another most valuable group, of strongly Zionist feeling, coming from Palestine. After the enforced exile of a number of distinguished pioneers of colonization and of national Hebrew culture from Palestine, many of them went to America to dedicate themselves there to the work of propaganda. Dr. Ben-zion Mossinsohn, Mr. Israel Belkind and Mr. Menachem Mendel Scheinkin――to mention only the best known――have worked zealously in America for the popularizing of the Palestine idea. The oratorical skill of Mossinsohn was most valuable. A number of distinguished workers belonging to the _Poale-Zionist_ Federation also made their headquarters in America, where at the same time the orthodox Zionists of the _Mizrachi_ Federation had made noteworthy progress in the organizing of their forces and in the winning of new members, especially through the efforts of Mr. Belkind. The Jewish Press in America, a popular actor of most widespread dimensions, devoted its main attention to Zionism. With very few exceptions the organs of different opinions vied in the publication of Zionist views and in the promoting of the national Jewish idea, in which matter the non-Jewish Press from time to time gave energetic assistance. The publication of _Hebrew_ literature and press-matter, which previously was too little in evidence in America, was stimulated by the _Hebrew_ authors and journalists recently arrived from Russia and Palestine, who founded new _Hebrew_ weeklies (_Ha’toren_, _Haibri_) and established houses for the publication of _Hebrew_ books. The pioneer and veteran leader of the idea of the renaissance of the _Hebrew_ language as the everyday speech in Palestine, namely, Elieser Ben Jehuda of _Jerusalem_, found supporters and friends in America, who made it possible for him to establish his residence during the war in New York, and there to continue his life-work, the compilation of a great _Hebrew_ dictionary. The rise of the national idea found striking expression in the agitation for the holding of a Jewish-American Congress, an idea which was violently opposed by the anti-Zionists, but was carried by an overwhelming majority. Nationality and democracy――these were the battle-cries of the supporters of the Congress, which carried away the Jewish-American masses with irresistible force.