HE was the son of David Aboab and Isabel _da_ Fonseca. To distinguish him from his contemporary Isaac _de_ Matatiah Aboab, he is generally alluded to as “Fonseca Aboab.” He was born at Castrodagre, Portugal, and brought to Amsterdam as a child, where he became a pupil of _Haham_ Isaac (_ob._ 1622) _de_ Abraham Uziel. In 1623 he was the _Haham_ of the _Nevé Shalom_, the second synagogue established in Amsterdam. In 1642 he emigrated to Pernambuco (Recife) in Brazil, where he was _Haham_ until he returned to Amsterdam in 1654. (In 1640 Manasseh himself had intended going out to Brazil to join his brother Ephraim Soeiro¹ in business.) During Aboab’s _Rabbinate_ there was war between the Dutch and Portuguese for possession of the colony, which he describes in _Hebrew_ verse, still in manuscript. He was the first _Rabbi_ and the first _Hebrew_ Author in the New World. It has been alleged, that in his declining years he was a secret votary of Sabbatai Zebi. He was a great-grandson of the last _Gaon_ of Castile, the Isaac Aboab (1433‒1493) who wrote a super-commentary to Nachmanides’ commentary on the Pentateuch, printed in Constantinople in 1525. _Rabbi_ Abraham _de_ Samuel Zacuto, the author of the _Juchasin_, was one of his pupils, and on his death delivered the funeral oration. ¹ Ephraim had evidently discarded his surname of “Ben-Israel” for “Soeiro,” that of his maternal grandfather, who probably left no male issue. In such cases, it was customary among _Sephardi_ Jews for the second son of the eldest daughter to use his mother’s maiden surname exclusively, or add it to his own patronymic. XXI. DR. ABRAHAM ZACUTUS LUSITANUS HE was one of the most eminent physicians of his time and the author of many valuable works in connection with his profession. He was a native of Lisbon and of _marrano_ origin. In the year 1625, when Philip (1605‒1665) IV. of Spain (1621‒1665) and Portugal (1621‒1640) banished the Jews from the latter kingdom, Zacutus escaped to Amsterdam from the clutches of the Holy Office. Here he was initiated into the _Abrahamic_ covenant and lived as an exemplary Jew. He was one of the “Aprovaciones” of the first volume of the Conciliador “Sapientissimo Viro, Domino Menasseh Ben Israel, sacrorum librorum eruditissimo interpreti, Salvtem.... Amstelodami dié ultim. Mensis August. Anno. 1632. Te summé colit, & observat, Doctor Zacutus Lusitanus.” Among his clientele he numbered the Elector Palatine Frederick V. (1596‒1632), King of Bohemia (1619‒1620), and his consort Elizabeth Stuart (1596‒1662), eldest daughter of James (1566‒1625) I., King of England (1603‒1625). They were the parents of Sophia (1630‒1714), Electress of Hanover, the mother of George (1660‒1727) I. (1714‒1727).