Judicial divorces are granted on several grounds. First, for bigamy. Bigamy is punishable with penal servitude for a term not exceeding two years, and the second marriage is annulled; but the offence may also be made the ground for the dissolution of the first. Thus, the bigamist may, when he has served his term, find himself single and be ready for a third marriage. Secondly, the wife may be divorced for adultery, but not the husband. He may be divorced if he is convicted of adultery with a married woman. The unfaithful wife and her paramour are liable to penal servitude for a term not exceeding two years if the charge is brought by the outraged husband. The lover cannot be punished alone; the woman must share his fate; and only such a lover’s wife can bring a divorce suit for adultery against her husband. But it is very seldom that the husband applies for divorce from his wife on the score of infidelity; such divorces are generally effected by mutual consent unless the husband is ready to expose his family affairs for the mere gratification of wreaking vengeance. The delinquent wife, if brought before court, is, as has already been stated, both punished and debarred from marrying her paramour. Besides infidelity with a married woman, the husband, may be divorced for immoral crimes. Divorce may also be sought if the other party is guilty of forgery, theft, burglary, fraud, embezzlement, and other heinous crimes. As the guilty party is usually the husband, the wife may refuse to live any longer with one who has brought dishonour upon the family. She may also bring an action for divorce if her husband is imprisoned for three years or more for offences other than those mentioned above or if she has been so ill treated or grossly insulted by him as to make cohabitation intolerable. The common custom in Japan of the couple living under one roof with the parents of either party is doubtless responsible for two other grounds for divorce, which are that an action for divorce lies if either party ill-treats or grossly insults the ascendants of the other or is ill treated or grossly insulted by them. Thus, without there being any strained relations between the couple themselves, either of them may seek divorce if ill treated or grossly insulted by the parents or grand-parents of the other, or be sued for it if similar treatment is offered to them. Mothers-in-law are proverbially hard to please, and once a quarrel takes place, it is always easy to detect insult in the high words that may pass between them and their children’s spouses or ill-treatment in their subsequent behaviour to each other. If they lived apart, such occurrences would be rare. Though the wife may keep her temper and submit as far as possible, adopted husbands are not so amenable to parental authority, and their divorce is not unfrequent.