Home-made Electrical ApparatusMorgan, Alfred Powell
Science
Home-made Electrical Apparatus
Morgan, Alfred Powell
Electric apparatus and appliances -- Amateurs' manuals
Suppose that you intend to use three 6 volt 12 candlepower lamps. Each
lamp will require two amperes or a total of six when all three lamps are
burning at the same time. Six amperes multiplied by eight ampere hours
equals 48 ampere hours. This is the smallest size of battery which
should be used. If it is larger, it will be advantageous, because it
will supply the lamps a correspondingly longer time without recharging.
Figure 155 shows some of the sockets or receptacles which are on the
market. The illustration to the left is a "flat base receptacle." It
will be found most useful when the lamp is to be mounted directly on the
wall or ceiling. The weatherproof type of socket may be secured with
either a fibre or a porcelain shell.
[Illustration: FIG. 158.—A Tungsten Automobile Lamp with Ediswan Base.]
The brass shell socket is the best wherever appearance counts. It is
patterned after the standard Edison sockets and is made so that it will
screw onto several different sizes and styles of brackets which may be
mounted on either the ceiling or the wall. This type of socket is also
made with a small switch built inside so that the lamp may be turned on
or off directly at the socket.
*The Wire* used to connect the system will depend upon where the lamps
are located. Annunciator or office wire as it is sometimes called will
serve in most cases where the wires are to be run entirely indoors. The
largest size made is No. 16 B. & S. Gauge. This is the size which should
be used. Annunciator wire is made in various colors so that it can be
more easily concealed.
If the wires are run outdoors, or somewhat exposed to the weather, as on
a porch or in a barn, it is advisable to use weatherproof or rubber
covered wire. Lead covered twin conductor is recommended for use aboard
boats or wherever the wire is liable to abrasion.
[Illustration: FIG. 159.—Lamps Controlled by One Switch.]
If the lamps are larger than eight candle-power, or several are to be
used on the same line, the wires should be larger than No. 16. When a
battery is connected to a system of wires, the voltage at the end of the
line is much lower than it is at the battery terminals. This is due to
the resistance of the wire and is called "voltage drop." The lamps at
the end of the line will not burn as brilliantly as those close to the
battery. This can be partially overcome by using large wire.
The lamps may be either connected in series or in multiple. When a six
volt battery is used, it will be necessary to connect them in multiple.
Figure 159 shows how several lamps may be connected in multiple and
controlled by one switch. Figure 160 shows the same lamps with three
separate switches so that each lamp may be turned on or off
individually.
[Illustration: FIG. 160.—Lamps Controlled by Separate switches.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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