It can therefore be readily seen that, as soon as the barbarous system of deliberately inviting and spreading disease described in the preceding paragraph was abandoned, and the reckless exposure of smallpox in public and private was prevented by strict isolation and proper sanitation, smallpox epidemics were bound to decline and disappear. But this result has happened only in very recent times in advanced communities which have adopted some effective system of sanitation and isolation, and with little effect one way or the other from vaccination except that smallpox and other diseases and the general death-rate seem to be much worse where vaccination is extensively used and sanitation, isolation and hygiene are neglected, as has been proved flagrantly in the case of much-vaccinated Japan, cited on page 53, and, reversely, in the case of the English City of Leicester, cited on page 22, where the best effects in reduction of smallpox and increase in general health have been produced by abandoning vaccination and relying on sanitation, isolation and hygiene for the last thirty-five years. Now, a very interesting and convincing evidence in this direction is furnished by Dr. Jenner’s chief assistant, Dr. James Moore, before quoted, who, writing over one hundred years ago, clearly recognized and admitted the truth and force of the above contention, viz., that sanitation and isolation would extinguish epidemic smallpox, without regard to vaccination; and this point I will now prove from Dr. Moore’s book on “The History of Smallpox,” published in London in 1815, which seems to have been one of the first authorities to urge sanitation and isolation for the suppression of this disease. On pages 304 to 307 in Dr. Moore’s book, he gives a very clear statement of the above point, as follows: “The plague was a less destructive distemper than the Small Pox, yet no plan similar to the quarantine laws has been established to extinguish this infection; and one which was lately proposed in Parliament was discouraged as injurious to personal freedom.” “But surely every man susceptible of a dangerous contagion has a natural right to hinder persons who are contaminated with that disease, from touching or even approaching him. The exercise of this right is a species of self defence; which for the public safety may assuredly be regulated by law, without infringing any reasonable notions of political liberty.” “It is therefore much to be wished, that to preclude all persons infected with the Small Pox from mixing with the public, a law should be enacted to confine them strictly to their own houses, or in hospitals appropriated by the parishes for that purpose, as long as the infection is upon them.” “The plan is simple, to enforce it would be easy; and the sole inconvenience would be a temporary confinement of those persons whose enlargement spreads poison through the land.”