In conclusion, it therefore follows that the right to Medical Freedom is the clearest and most essential of the “unalienable” “retained” and “reserved” rights possessed by the People under the Declaration and the Constitution; and as these rights cannot be legally invaded or denied by any Government, it follows, therefore, that all compulsory vaccination is clearly un-American, illegal, unconstitutional, and medically barbarous and unworthy of a place on any American, military, medical, or legislative Code, and should be absolutely abolished as fit only for some Code of Prussianism--from which, as before said, it has been, in fact, copied. COMPULSORY VACCINATION CONDEMNED BY OUR COURTS AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL In illustration of the principles stated in preceding paragraphs, I might here cite a few decisions from our higher courts showing the outrageous illegal and unconstitutional nature of all forcible or compulsory vaccination. Judge Bartlett, of the New York Supreme Court, in the case of Walters in 1894, decided that: “To vaccinate a person against his will, without legal authority so to do, would be an assault.” Judge Gaynor, of the same Court, in the case of Smith against Health Commissioner Emery of Brooklyn in 1894, gave the following important decision which was afterwards fully sustained by the New York Court of Appeals: “If the Commissioner [of Health] had the power to imprison an individual for refusing to submit to vaccination, I see no reason why he should not also imprison one for refusing to swallow a dose. But the Legislature has conferred no such power upon him, if, indeed, it has the power to do the like.... If the Legislature desired to make vaccination compulsory it would have so enacted. Whether it be within its power to do so, and if so, by what means it may enforce such an enactment, are not for discussion here.” Judge Woodward, of the New York Appellate Court, in the Viemeister case in 1903, declared that: “It may be conceded that the Legislature has no constitutional right to compel any person to submit to vaccination.” The Supreme Court of the State of Massachusetts, in the case of Jacobson in 1904, said: “If a person should deem it important that vaccination should not be performed in his case and the authorities should think otherwise, _it is not in their power to vaccinate him by force_, and the worst that could happen to him under the statute would be the payment of the penalty of five dollars.” Judge Fitts, of the Supreme Court in Columbia County, New York, in the case of Bollinger in February, 1909, charged the jury as follows: