[78] The competent single-handed maid is meant here, not the little "slavey" who assists her mistress in the rougher part only of the work. [79] A further inquiry is needed into this matter. I am not at all clear whether servants are derived from the class of the fairly prosperous artisan or from the unskilled labouring class. [80] "There are unfortunately no reliable statistics as to the average wages earned by women workers, but, speaking from a large experience, I estimate that the average wage of the manual woman worker, taking into account slackness, sickness, &c., is certainly not more than 7s. 6d. all the year round."--"Trade Unions," by Mary Macarthur, in "Women in Industry from Seven Points of View," p. 66. [81] Stephen Reynolds in "A Poor Man's House" paints this situation with great psychological insight. [82] Compare Salmon, "Domestic Service," pp. 145-6. [83] Compare "Englishwomen's Year-book for 1910," p. 69. [84] _e.g._ Rowntree, "Poverty: a Study of Town Life"; Liverpool Economic and Statistical Society, "How the Casual Labourer Lives"; "Study of the Diet of the Labouring Classes in Edinburgh" (published by Otto Schulze & Co., now out of print); Recent Blue-books on the Cost of Living, &c. [85] Rowntree, "Poverty: a Study of Town Life," pp. 117, 298 _ff._, as to inadequacy of diet of labourer, pp. 235 and 303. Mr. Rowntree's conclusions have been impugned by several critics, and it may be that his dietary standard is too high. But even if it turns out that only a quarter and not a third of the population are in receipt of incomes insufficient for the expenditure necessary to secure bodily efficiency, the fact is serious enough. [86] Calculated by Messrs. Rowntree and Sherwell to amount to 6s. 10d. per family of the working-class population. "Temperance Problem and Social Reform" (7th ed.), p. 20. [87] "Principles" (4th ed.), p. 194. [88] A special charge was made for guests in this household, and the amount received was deducted from the weekly food bill. [89] "The Camel and the Needle's Eye." [90] "The Camel and the Needle's Eye," p. 153. SOME RELATIONS OF SANITARY SCIENCE TO FAMILY LIFE AND INDIVIDUAL EFFICIENCY BY ALICE RAVENHILL