And this is the keynote of Haydn’s greatness, his music is and was understood by the whole world, so true and simple and melodious is it. A GALA PERFORMANCE One year before his death when he was seventy-six years of age, he was so feeble that he had to be carried to the concert hall where a great performance of _The Creation_ was given in his honor under the direction of Salieri, who later taught Beethoven. Princes and nobles and grand ladies did him homage and the ladies threw their beautiful cloaks over his couch to keep him warm, for it was a cold night in March, 1808. When that part of the oratorio came where they sing, “And there was light,” it is said that Haydn exclaimed, “Not I, but a power from above created that.” He died on May 30th, 1809, from shock, it is said, caused by the booming of cannon near his house when the French besieged Vienna. So passed this conscientious musician, whose belief is summed up in these sentences: “I know that God appointed me a task. I acknowledge it with thanks, and hope and believe I have done my duty and have been useful to the world. May others do likewise.” HAYDN’S GIFT TO MUSIC 1. He made over the orchestra, he discovered that muted strings made a beautiful winning effect. 2. He and Mozart at about the same time, added the clarinet to the orchestra. 3. He was the first composer who brought humor, that difficult thing which is neither wit nor comicalness, to music, although others had brought fun and boisterousness. 4. He was the first to use the individual tone color of each instrument, so, rightly he has been called the father of the modern orchestra. 5. He developed sonata-form in the sonata itself, the quartet, concerto and symphony. He was one of the first to establish two themes instead of one in the movements of sonata-forms. This was a great innovation and made the sonata a far more living thing and gave the composers who followed him a richer field to carry out musical design and human feeling. 6. He wrote about 1,407 works! 157 symphonies of which 18 are masterpieces, 83 string quartets, 66 piano sonatas, 5 oratorios, 42 German and English songs, 336 Scotch songs, 40 canons, 13 part songs for three and four voices, 5 German marionette operas written for the Esterhazy theatre, 14 Italian operas, 163 pieces for the baryton (viola da bordona), a favorite instrument of one of the Esterhazy princes, 47 divertimenti and trios, 15 concertos for different instruments, 15 masses, 5 other sacred works, 400 single minuets and waltzes. (Emil Naumann.)