The two beef-bladders used for such a telephone must first be blown up, tied, and left about thirty hours, or until they are stretched, but not dried. When in proper condition, cut off the necks and portion of the ends, then soak them in warm water, and they will become very pliable and light in color. Having previously prepared two square pieces of board by very carefully cutting out a perfect circle in the centre of each, about as large as a medium-sized pie-pan or a tea-plate, place the bladders smoothly but not tightly over the openings, allowing the outside of the bladder to come on the bottom, and fasten it all around the circle, a little distance from the edge, with tacks so driven in that they may be easily removed. Try the drums with your finger; if they stretch evenly they are correct, if they wrinkle, change them until they stretch perfectly smooth. Then tack a piece of firm tape securely around the edge of the circle, and cut off the bladder reaching beyond the tape. Next fasten four feet of soft, flexible wire to a large-sized gutta-percha button by threading it through the two opposite holes in the centre of the button; pass the other end of the wire through the middle of the bladder, bringing the button flat against its surface. After attaching a weight of about seven pounds to the end of the wire, place the drum in the sun until perfectly dry. Proceed with the other in the same manner, and when both are well dried, fasten one on each end of the line and attach the drum-wires to the principal wire by loops; then stretch it firm and tight. This telephone will also need loops for supports, which should be of wire. When the instrument is carefully and properly made it will carry the voice three or four miles or more, giving every word and tone distinctly and clearly. [Illustration] CHAPTER XXI. HOW TO DRAW.[E] WOULD you like to learn to draw, to sketch from nature? Don’t you think that it would be delightful to be able to take out your pencils and paper and copy some scene you want to remember, or produce a likeness of any bird or animal which strikes your fancy? Many will say, “I’d like it very well, but I _can’t_ draw.” You can write, can hold a pencil, and trace lines upon the paper; and if you can do this, you can draw a little. A girl who can learn anything can learn to draw if she will give the same attention to it that she gives to other things. [Illustration: _Fig. 140_] Now we are not going to talk about copying pictures which someone else has already drawn, for there is not much satisfaction in making imitations of other people’s work; it is much more gratifying to make the original drawings ourselves; but to do this we need some direction. The reason it is easier to copy a picture than to draw the real object is because the lines to be copied are all laid out on the flat surface of the picture; but to draw the object we must find out where to trace the lines for ourselves. [Illustration: _Fig. 141_]