How to become a scientist : $b Giving interesting and instructive experiments in chemistry, mechanics, acoustics and pyrotechnicsWarford, Aaron A.
Science
How to become a scientist : $b Giving interesting and instructive experiments in chemistry, mechanics, acoustics and pyrotechnics
Warford, Aaron A.
Scientific recreations
1. To a solution of sulphate of iron add a drop or two of a solution of
prussiate of potash, and a blue color will be produced.
2. Substitute sulphate of copper for iron, and the color will be a rich
brown.
3. Another blue, of quite a different tint, may be produced by letting
a few drops or a solution of ammonia fall into one of sulphate of
copper--a precipitate of a light blue falls down, which is dissolved by
an additional quantity of the ammonia, and forms a transparent solution
of the most splendid rich blue color.
4. Into a solution of sulphate of iron let fall a few drops of a strong
infusion of galls, and the color will become a bluish-black--in fact,
_ink_. A little _tea_ will answer as well as the infusion of galls.
This is the reason why certain stuffs formerly in general use for
dressing-gowns for gentlemen were so objectionable; for as they were
indebted to a salt of iron for their color, buff as it was called, a
drop of tea accidentally spilt produced all the effect of a drop of ink.
5. Put into a largish test tube two or three small pieces of granulated
zinc, fill it about one-third full of water, put in a few grains of
iodine and boil the water, which will at first acquire a dark purple
color, gradually fading as the iodine combines with the zinc. Add a
little more iodine from time to time, until the zinc is nearly all
dissolved. If a few drops of this solution be added to an equally
colorless solution of corrosive sublimate (a salt of mercury) a
precipitate will take place of a splendid scarlet color, brighter if
possible than vermilion, which is also a preparation of mercury.
Crystallization of Metals.
Some of the metals assume certain definite forms in returning from the
fluid to the solid state. Bismuth shows this property more readily than
most others.
Experiment.
Melt a pound or two of bismuth in an iron ladle over the fire; remove
it as soon as the whole is fluid; and when the surface has become
solid break a hole in it, and pour out the still fluid metal from the
interior; what remains will exhibit beautifully-formed crystals of a
cubic shape.
Sulphur may be crystallized in the same manner, but its fumes, when
heated, are so very unpleasant that few would wish to encounter them.
One of the most remarkable facts in chemistry, a science abounding in
wonders, is the circumstance, that the mere contact of hydrogen, the
_lightest_ body known, with the metal platinum, the heaviest, when in a
state of minute division, called spongy platinum, produces an intense
heat, sufficient to inflame the hydrogen; of course this experiment
must be made in the presence of atmospheric air or oxygen.
Time and space (or rather the want of them) compel us to conclude with
a few experiments of a miscellaneous character.
To Form a Solid From Two Liquids.
Prepare separately, saturated solutions of sulphate of magnesia (Epsom
salts) and carbonate of potash. On mixing them the result will be
nearly solid.
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