[L] THAT IS, WHERE--ACCORDING TO THE MORTALITY TABLES UPON WHICH PREMIUMS ARE BASED--100 WERE EXPECTED TO DIE, ONLY 66 ACTUALLY DIED. * * * * * SCEPTRE LIFE ASSOCIATION OF LONDON WHOLE LIFE POLICIES 1884-1911 [Illustration: graph] EXPECTED MORTALITY________________________________________100% NON ABSTAINERS, RATIO ACTUAL TO EXPECTED MORTALITY........ 80% ABSTAINERS, RATIO ACTUAL TO EXPECTED MORTALITY--.--.--.--. 52% MORTALITY AMONG NON-ABSTAINERS--STANDARD RISKS--51.8% HIGHER THAN AMONG ABSTAINERS THE LIFE EXTENSION INSTITUTE, INC. * * * * * THE SCOTTISH TEMPERANCE LIFE ASSURANCE CO. OF GLASGOW HEALTHY MALES--WHOLE LIFE POLICIES 1883-1912 [Illustration: graph] EXPECTED MORTALITY________________________________________100% NON-ABSTAINERS, RATIO ACTUAL TO EXPECTED MORTALITY........ 66% ABSTAINERS, RATIO ACTUAL TO EXPECTED MORTALITY--.--.--.--. 48% MORTALITY AMONG NON-ABSTAINERS--STANDARD RISKS--43.5% HIGHER THAN AMONG ABSTAINERS * * * * * COMPARATIVE MORTALITY AMONG USES OF ALCOHOL 43 AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES 1885-1908 DEATH RATE AMONG INSURED LIVES GENERALLY--MEDICO ACTUARIAL TABLE 100 ||||||||||||||||||||||||| DEATH RATE AMONG POLICYHOLDERS USING 2 GLASSES OF BEER OR 1 GLASS OF WHISKEY DAILY 118 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| DEATH RATE AMONG POLICYHOLDERS GIVING HISTORY OF PAST INTEMPERANCE, BUT APPARENTLY CURED 150 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| DEATH RATE AMONG POLICYHOLDERS USING MORE THAN 2 GLASSES OF BEER OR 1 GLASS OF WHISKEY DAILY, BUT, REGARDED AS TEMPERATE & STANDARD RISKS 186 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| * * * * * Now that accurate laboratory evidence is available regarding the physiological effect of alcohol in so-called moderate doses the insurance experience seems consistent, and the higher mortality among so-called moderate drinkers is only what we would naturally expect to find in the light of the most recent knowledge regarding its effects upon the human organism, not only in the direct causation of disease, but in lowering the defense to disease and increasing the liability to accident, and the tendency to careless living. [Sidenote: Medico-Actuarial Mortality Investigation] In the recent medico-actuarial investigation[8], including forty-three American life insurance companies, the combined experience on users of alcohol has been compiled, with very interesting results. It may be subdivided as follows: First: Those who were accepted as standard risks but who gave a history of occasional alcoholic excess in the past. The mortality in this group was 50 per cent. in excess of the mortality of insured lives in general, equivalent to a reduction of over four years in the average lifetime of the group.