How to Study ArchitectureCaffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
History
How to Study Architecture
Caffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
Architecture -- History
=Secular Buildings.=--The most famous of the Gothic castles is =Marienburg=
in Prussia, including the chapel and chapter house and the Great Hall of
the Order of the German Knights. Other examples are =Heilsberg=, in =East
Prussia= and the =Albrechtsburg= at =Meissen= in Saxony. Among the finest of
the Town Halls are those of =Ratisbon=, =Brunswick=, =Halberstadt=,
=Hildesheim=, and =Munster=, and the brick examples of =Breslau= and =Lübeck=.
In domestic architecture the roofs were carried to a remarkable height,
consisting of several stories lighted by dormer windows; the space being
utilised for storage and the drying of linen in the monthly wash. And a
picturesque diversity is given to the character of the streets according
as these roofs run parallel to it or at right angles. In the latter case
the gables mount up with stepped outlines, and often are decorated with
frescoed paintings.
NETHERLANDISH GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
The Gothic architecture of the Netherlands appears at its finest in
Belgium, where it is distinguished by a mingling of French and German
influence. The latter is to be accounted for chiefly by the trade
relations which existed between the great commercial cities of Germany
by way of the Rhine, with such centres of commerce as Louvain, Brussels,
Ghent, Antwerp, Mechlin (Malines), Ypres, and Bruges. On the other hand,
the province of Flanders came under the French influence through the
marriage of Margaret of Flanders with the first Duke of the French royal
house of Valois, whose successors gradually brought the whole of Belgium
under their rule. Further, the Abbey of Noyon early established close
relations with that of Tournai, and in this way the religious
architecture of France penetrated Belgium. Owing to their pre-eminence
in weaving the Netherlandish cities became the most prosperous of the
period and this is reflected in the florid decoration of the later
ecclesiastical building, as well as in the magnificent Town, Trade, and
Guild Halls, which are the special distinction of Netherlandish
architecture.
=Guild Halls.=--They present a general similarity of character. The
façades mount in several stories, which are defined by bands of ornament
or string-courses and pierced with rows of pointed windows. These are
framed with rich traceries of carved work and separated by canopied
niches, designed for and often filled with statues. The façades
terminate at the spring of the roof in an adaptation of the Romanesque
arcaded eaves, which occasionally project like a continuous balcony,
while balconies with traceried parapets often decorate the gabled
fronts. The corners of the façade are occupied by towers, frequently
carried above the line of the eaves, in pinnacle-like structures, the
stories of which are marked by balconies. The roofs have a steep pitch
and are enriched with dormer windows and decorated chimneys.
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