How to Study ArchitectureCaffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
History
How to Study Architecture
Caffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
Architecture -- History
In these façades appears the innovation of pilasters, carried through
the two upper stories. This emphasis of the vertical lines contradicts
the internal division of the structure into stories and is at the
sacrifice of the horizontal lines of the façade. The latter are broken
up into balconies, while the interior division is only hinted at by the
windows. But Michelangelo with the audacity of genius rejected
proprieties of detail and even logic of structure, as he was prone to do
also in his sculpture--witness the recumbent figures on the Medici
tombs--for the sake, as we should say to-day, of a grander and more
impressive synthesis. In a word, he sacrificed the parts to the whole;
and to secure the impressiveness of the whole, ties the pilasters
together at the top with an entablature that comprises a boldly
projecting cornice and is additionally emphasised by the crowning
feature of a balustrade. Except that the cornice takes the place of
pediments the principle of design is virtually that of a Roman temple,
diverted from its purpose and brusquely made to accommodate itself to
novel conditions. In the hands of Michelangelo the end may be said to
justify the means, but this device of ignoring the interior necessities
of construction in favour of an arbitrary exterior design became a
precedent that contributed largely to the decadence of the Renaissance
style. Yet, after all, it was only carrying to a destructively logical
conclusion the use of the classic orders as elements not of constructive
but of purely decorative design.
We have already noted in the case of Gothic architecture that its
decadence was exhibited in a superabundance of decorative detail, and a
similar course appears in the Renaissance. Much of the responsibility
of the change is attributed to Sansovino. While Michelangelo magnified
the decorative, the Venetian architect elaborated it. His façade of the
=Library of San Marco= may be cited as an example.
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