We may now turn from the wretched arena of imposture, duplicity, and credulity, to genuine, but little understood, phenomena in Spiritualism. We have seen that much which has been attributed to the agency of disembodied spirits is due, in many instances, to the action of man’s own psychic states, “the double, who is wiser than we,” and to the fact that, as often as not, trance states, automatic and planchette writing, are self-induced conditions. Equally so, clairvoyance, thought-transference, and psychometry do not require the “agency of spirit” to account for their existence as “gifts,” qualities or powers. It will be time enough to admit such agency--that of disembodied spirit--when the evidence in each particular case is reasonably conclusive. I think this is the only wise and safe course to pursue. Clairvoyance may be native or induced, self-cultivated or cultivated by aid of a mesmerist. As it has been exercised naturally, and without any such aid, the exhibition of clairvoyance--in itself--is no evidence of disembodied spirit-presence or control. Equally, the seeing of, and the describing of, spirits by a clairvoyant--even if the descriptions are apparently accurate--may present no evidence of the real presence of such spirits. I do not deny that clairvoyants can see spirits, but the mere fact of being able to see and describe spirits, is not sufficient evidence--the _seer_ is controlled by spirit-power to see, or that the spirits described are actually _bona-fide_ spirits. Frequently, so-called spirits have no other existence than the image of them possessed by some positive-minded individual. A clairvoyant, _perceiving_ these images, might naturally enough conclude she was actually seeing the spirits which she described. If Mr. Stead, for instance, is convinced that “Sister Dora,” “Cardinal Manning,” or “Lord Tennyson,” are at his side, in his rooms, influencing and directing his mind, or at other times actually controlling his arm and hand to write, a clairvoyant in sympathy with him may describe this or that other spirit he is _thinking_ about. But that does not prove the spirit or spirits are actually present.