Arterial Blood, ix, 260, 263, 264 Arterial Pressure, ix, 213-14, x, 334 Arteries, ix, 191, 196-7, x, 334; bleeding from, discovery of, 39; caliber changes in small, ix, 215; connection with veins, 192-3 (fig.), 197; elasticity of, 59, 210-12, 213-14; former ideas of, x, 62, 63, 65, xvi, 106; hardening of, x, 334-6; ligating of, 56, 96; "man as old as," ix, 214, x, 335; passage of blood along, ix, 211-12; systole and diastole of, x, 62, 63-4, 65 Artesian Wells, iii, 118-19, xiv, 138; constancy of, 152; of North Dakota, 12, 139; warm water from, 144 Arthropods, iii, 260, 263, 264, 276-80, xii, 81, 126 Arthur's Seat, Scotland, xiv, 112 Artichokes, xiii, 206, 222 Artificial Ice, production, v, 349-50, 354-8, viii, 69, 70 Artificial Light, colors in, ix, 115; gains from, iv, 51 Artificial Limbs, x, 190 Artillery, armor versus, v, 368; distance audible, i, 188-9 (see also Guns, Projectiles) Artillery Plant, xiii, 56 Arts, æsthetic, origin and development, xv, 296-325 Arts of Life, xv, 205-72 Arum, fertilization of wild, xiii, 153 Arum Family, xiii, 188; flower arrangement, 52 Aryan Languages, xv, 161, 162, 163 Aryans, in Nordic group, xvi, 48; of India, 53; rule of fathers among, xv, 367 Asbestos, iii, 338 Ascension Island, xiv, 289 Ascidians, xii, 19, 20, 129 Asclepiades, x, 25-6 Asepsis, in surgery, x, 14, 134, 146-8; Lister on, 144-5 Ash, viii, 374; handling in power plants, vi, 356; of coal, viii, 44, 45; of plants, xiv, 65-6; volcanic, 324 Ash Trees, for gardens, xiii, 271-2; leaves, 36-7; seed dispersal, 58, 343 Asia, animals of, xii, (herbivora), 302, 305, 313, 314, 317, 320, 327; animals (carnivorous), 336, 339, 344, 345, 352, 356, 357, 365; birds of, 263; climate changes, results, iii, 75, xiv, 361-2, xvi, 141; climate of eastern, xiv, 345; crocodiles of, xii, 201; drainage system, xiv, 190, 195-6; earthquake belts, 331-2; eastern coast, 248-64; faulted topography of eastern, 124-5; food plant regions, xiii, 221; forests, xiv, 369-77; formerly united with America, xii, 313, xiii, 351, xiv, 30; geological history, iii, 216, 235-6; grasslands and deserts, xiv, 381; monsoon countries, conditions in, 359-60; plains, 217; plants common with America, xiii, 351; plateaus and mountains, xiv, 217-22; rodents of, xii, 287-9; rubber production, xiii, 248; salt lakes, viii, 139; snails of, xii, 69; snakes of, 218, 226, 229, 231, 232; terrestrial leeches, 55-6; trees of eastern, xiv, 377; vegetables and fruits originating in, xiii, 222-7; volcanic fields, xiv, 316-18; wind types, i, 131, 134, 136 Asia, Central (see Central Asia) Asia Minor, climate changes in, xiv, 361-2; plateau of, 222 Asiatic Volcanic Belt, xiv, 316