Burrels, xii, 326 Burs, chestnut and beech, xiii, 193; seed dispersal by, 343 Bus Bars, vi, 358-9 Bushland, xiv, 378-9, 380, 381 Bushmen (African), xv, 133-5; art of, 119 (fig.), 120-1, 298-300; civilization at collection stage, 196; hair of, 38; height of, 39; ostrich-hunting of, 212, 222; use of baboons, in water searching, xii, 380 Bushmen (Australian), iii, 304 Bushnell, David, v, 197 Butane, derivatives, viii, 210 Butcher's Broom Plant, xiii, 29-30 Butte Mining District, iii, 361, 368 Butter, calory value, ix, 299, x, 269, 273; composition, viii, 364; digestion of, x, 326; made by electricity, vii, 226, 227, 228; pure food, ix, 300; substitutes for, viii, 363, 364, x, 262, 267, 268; vitamines in, 259, 261, 267 Buttercup Family, xiii, 196 Buttercups, double, xiii, 51; petal arrangement, 190 Butter Fat, viii, 245, 246, 364; in milk, 363; vitamines in, 369 Butterflies, xii, 114-18; antennæ of, 101; earliest appearance, iii, 279, xii, 104; evolution of, xii, 106-7; jaws and maxillæ in, 100; number of species in N. Y., 99, origin of name, xv, 157; plant fertilization by, xiii, 123-4, 133-5, 142-3 Butterfly Orchid, xiii, 145 Buttes, made by erosion, iii, 140 Buttonball Tree, xiii, 343-4 Buttonhole Machine, invention, v, 382 Butyric Acid, viii, 220, 248 Buys Ballot's Law, i, 125, 134 Buzzards, xii, 261 Buzzards Bay, oysters of, xii, 61; tidal race at, xiv, 294 Byron, skull capacity, xv, 40 Byssus, xii, 64 Cabbage, calories in, ix, 299; in mustard family, xiii, 197; origin and antiquity, 222; sport plant, 333-4; vitamines in, x, 261, 262 Cabbage Bug, xii, 114 Cables (ocean), breaks in, xiv, 284; laying of, 283, (See also Atlantic Cables) Cables, underground, vii, 12-13, 27 Cabot, John, birth and training, xiv, 310 Cacao, xiii, 234, 235 Cachalot, xii, 298-9 Cactus, characteristics of, xiii, 378, xv, 19; leafless forms, xiii, 15; leaves of, 378, xiv, 378; prickly pear, xiii, 29 (fig.); regions of dominance, 355; stems of, 31; water-storage by, 28, 106, 379 Cactus Family, xiii, 200; restricted area, 320 Caddis Flies, xii, 106 Cadmium, symbol and atomic weight, viii, 383; test for, 287, 288 Cæsar, Julius, scientific reforms, xvi, 98 Cæsarian Section, ancient practice of, x, 14, 27 Cæsium, chemical properties, viii, 128, 132, 133, 383; spectrum, 302 Caffeine, composition, viii, 230; polyuria induced by, x, 344 Caffre, xii, 355 Caimans, xii, 198 "Cain," picture, xv, 69 Caissons (pneumatic), iv, 30-2, v, 116-21; pressure in, i, 329, iv, 129 Cake Urchins, xii, 50 Caladium, leaves of, xiii, 79 Calamus, of India, xiii, 361 Calamus Root, xiii, 188, 255 Calcite, iii, 325-6; gangue mineral, viii, 199; light polarization by, iii, 319, iv, 354