Charges, Charged Bodies (Electricity), iv, 256-67, vi, 284-302, vii, 363; chemical production of, iv, 271-2; discharge of, 262, 264-5, 267, 269, vii, 209, 366; discovery of laws, xvi, 121; electrical condition, i, 142; electricity on surface, iv, 282; induced, 260, vii, 370; leakage, 371; measurements and units, iv, 260-1 (see also Electrification, Ionization) Charlemagne, clock of, v, 62; Vikings and, xiv, 261 Charles II, founder of Greenwich Observatory, ii, 83, xvi, 124 Charles's Law, iv, 140, viii, 107-8 Charleston (S. C.) Earthquake, iii, 95, 97-8 Charleston (W. Va.) region, iii, 34 Charts, marine, i, 271-6; meteorological, 206-8; phenological, 254; synchronous and synoptic, 214-15 Chautauqua, Lake, origin, iii, 145-6 Chaucer, "Doctor" of, x, 41; language of, xv, 156 Chauliac, Guy de, x, 39, 40-1 Checkered Adder, xii, 222 Cheese, calories in, ix, 299; composition and value, viii, 363; manufacture of, xiii, 71 Cheeta, xii, 365 Chellean Implements, xv, 105, 106-7 Chemical Affinity, viii, 12; electrical nature, xvi, 122; electromotive series, viii, 127-9; intensity measured by heat, 308, 360; of metals for nonmetals, 20; source of energy, 267, 268 Chemical Changes, nature of, viii, 9-15, 188; signs of, 100-1 Chemical Compounds (see Compounds) Chemical Elements (see Elements) Chemical Energy, viii, 12, 186-7, 267, 268; electricity from, 167-8 Chemical Equations, viii, 13, 94-6, 376 Chemical Industries, viii, 241-84 Chemical Reactions, viii, 99-105; defined, 381; equations of, 94-6; equilibrium, 103-5, 190-1; heat of, 308; reversibility, 21, 101; of solutions, 36, 37, 119-25, 311; speed of, 310-11; types, 20-1 Chemical Warfare, viii, 262-4, x, 186-8 Chemical Warfare Service, x, 187-8; device, viii, 233 CHEMISTRY, Volume viii Chemistry, beginnings of modern, viii, 34; concrete science, xvi, 42; daily interest of, 13-15; defined, viii, 11, xvi, 36; difficulties of study, viii, 10-11; exact, positive science, x, 368; former realm, xvi, 14; historical development, 54, 59, 73-4, 109, 110, 112, 115, 119-21, 133-4, 159-65; medicine and, x, 81, 369; nomenclature, viii, 97-8; subjects dealt with in, iv, 12; ultimate identity of organic and inorganic, x, 69 Chemosynthetic Organisms, xii, 15 Chemotaxis, xi, 50-1, 59, 61 Chemotherapy, x, 381 Cherbourg, breakwater at, xiv, 301; wave power at, 300 Cherrapunji, Assam, rainfall at, i, 111-12 Cherries, drupes, xiii, 54; origin and remarks, 224-5 Cherry Trees, xiii, 271-2; lenticels on, 26 Chert, formation of, iii, 13 Chesapeake Bay, aerial fish patrol, i, 48; drowned valley formation, xiv, 40, 255-6; ducks of, xii, 257; oysters of, 61; ria coast, xiv, 257; wave erosion in, iii, 56