Europe, aeroplane routes, i, 44-5; after-summers, 362; Alpine invasions, xvi, 49; ancient animals, xii, 275, 310, 359; animals (carnivora), 336, 340, 348, 349, 350, 355, 356; animals, (herbivora), 307, 317, 318, 329, 330-1; aristocracies of, xv, 377; Asiatic invasions, xiv, 74-5, 362, xv, 138-9, xvi, 141; beet sugar production, xiii, 216; birds of, xii, 255, 261, 262, 263, 266, 268-9; Black Death in, x, 163-4; cave period in, xiv, 148-9; civilization in northern, 359; climate of, 346-7, 359; coast, western, 249; coffee introduction, xiii, 232; continental slope, xiv, 287; cretinism in, x, 350; Cro-Magnons in, xv, 99, 102, xvi, 50; dowry system in, xv, 285; drainage systems, xiv, 190; earthquake belt, 332; forests, 375-6, 377-8, 380-1; former connection with America, 290; geological history, iii, 180, 198, 216, 235-6; glacial topography, xiv, 3, 30, 43, 61-2, 200; gunpowder introduction, xvi, 101; hail prevention devices, i, 340-3; Ice Age in, iii, 62, 236-7, 239, 240, xv, 74, 75, 76, 102; languages of, 161, 162; map discrepancies, xiv, 10; mediæval astronomy in, ii, 39-41; meteorological statistics, i, 203; monkeys of, xii, 378; moor fires, i, 56; mussel-eating in, xii, 65; Nordic invasion, xvi, 50; nutmeg introduction, xiii, 261; paper introduction, v, 290; paper making, 292; plains of, xiv, 217; population increase, xv, 27; potato in, xiii, 218; primitive man types found in, xv, 88, 92-102; rainfall distribution, xiv, 352; rainfall stations, i, 79; revival of learning (see Renaissance); rice in, xiii, 214; rodents of, xii, 287, 288; snails of, 69, 70; snakes of, 218, 220, 231; snow removal in cities, i, 117; sugar introduction, xiii, 215; syphilis in, x, 60; tea introduced, xiii, 228; telegraph systems, vii, 108; tobacco introduced, xiii, 256; trees of, xiv, 363, 375-6; vegetables and fruits originating in, xiii, 222-7; volcanic belts, xiv, 316-17; weather observations, i, 217-18; windmills, 37 European Races, classification and history, xvi, 48-50 Europeans, comparative measurements of, xv, 57; hair of, 38; northern and southern, color of, 37 European Sleeping Sickness, x, 301-2 Europium, symbol and atomic weight, viii, 383 Eustachian Tube, ix, 101 (fig.), 102, xi, 101; adenoid effects on, x, 341-2; deafness from closing of, ix, 103-4; discovery, xvi, 82 Eutheria, xii, 271, 273-4, 281 Evaporation, body heat regulation by, i, 317, 318, ix, 316, 317; by trees, xiv, 377-8, 378-9, 379; (see also Transpiration); cooling by, iv, 174, viii, 69, ix, 316; electricity, caused by, vii, 212; ice made by, v, 349-50; measurement of, i, 88-9; of liquids, iv, 167; of terrestrial waters, xiv, 135; water table affected by, 136