Mines, Mining, coal dust explosions, i, 63; compressed air uses, 26, 27, iv, 129; deep shafts, iii, 120, v, 259-60; explosions caused by oxygen, i, 322, xiv, 12, 15; hot water in, 144; importance of faults, iii, 88, xiv, 37; mountains and, 237-8; oxygen in air, i, 322; science of, xvi, 36; temperature limitations, xiv, 15; underground water in, iii, 116; water-blasting in, v, 100 Mining Machinery, compressed air in, v, 128-9; sonic wave transmission, 108 Mining Schools, xvi, 126 Mink, xii, 349, 350 Minnesota, iron ores, iii, 357-8; lakes and lake basins, xiv, 200, 212; newness of topography, 158; moose of, xii, 318 Minnows, xii, 161, 163 Minstrels, mediæval, xv, 323 Mint Family, xiii, 204; petals in, 190 Miocene Epoch, iii, 221; species surviving from, xv, 71; tortoise of, xii, 191 Mira, classification, ii, 115; oldest known variable, 325 (see Omicron Ceti) Mirages, i, 172-4, 377, iv, 328-9 Mirrors, ancient, v, 109-10; fire generation by, xv, 232; images formed by, iv, 335-7; making of, viii, 171 Missing Link, xv, 56, 91 Mississippi-Missouri System, xiv, 153, 189 Mississippi River, aerial mapping, i, 47; course changed, iii, 98; delta, xiv, 53; depth and dredging at mouth, 270; discovery and exploration, 192; flood plain slope, 162; former steamboats, 193; harnessing of, v, 81-3; in American history, xiv, 192-3; meanders of lower, 162, 165; mineral matter in solution, iii, 127; overflow question, xiv, 71; paddle-fish of, xii, 151; salt content, viii, 139; sediment carried by, iii, 31, xiv, 53; upper, superimposed, 171 Mississippi Valley, alluvial soils of, xiv, 71; bowfins of, xii, 152; coal fields, iii, 348; development due to rivers, xiv, 31; earthquakes of 1811, 203; forests of, 378; French in, 192; geological history, iii, 35, 182-3, 187, 195, 206, 207, 231; growth of population, xiv, 193; loess deposits, i, 54, xiv, 72; panthers formerly in, xii, 363; precipitation in, xiv, 360; thermal springs absent, 143-4; thickness and composition of strata, 228-9; turtles of, xii, 187, 193; volcanic action in, xiv, 318; yellow fever epidemic, x, 160 Mississippian Period, iii, 20, 197-8, 380; animals of, 268-9; plants of, 252-3; sea extensions in, 193 Missouri, Ice Age in, iii, 239; loess deposits, xiv, 72; mining products, iii, 362, 364; sunk country, 98 Missouri River, course changed, iii, 245; in western emigration, xiv, 195; upper Mississippi, xiv, 153 Mist, i, 377, Brocken specters in, 184-5 Mistakes, analysis of, xi, 340, 379 (see also Errors) Mistletoe, xiii, 15, 100 Mistpoeffers, i, 195, 377 Mistral Winds, i, 133, 377 Mitchell, John, x, 116 Mitchell, Mount, xiv, 97, 168 Mites, xii, 98