How to Visit the English CathedralsSingleton, Esther
History
How to Visit the English Cathedrals
Singleton, Esther
Cathedrals -- England
The two great tower arches under the west towers are Early English;
those of the central tower are round. Their great piers are composed of
clusters of engaged shafts. Massive arches also mark the opening of each
aisle of the nave into the transept. In the south aisle stands a blue
marble =Font=, and near it an older one, probably of the Twelfth Century.
Tradition says that the altar-tomb here is that of an Irish prince who
brought home from Palestine a tame lion. On the bas-relief a lion, a
kneeling man and two birds are represented, which gives cause for the
story. The work is presumably of the Fourteenth Century. Above the font
we can see the only Mediæval glass in the Cathedral--fragments of
Fourteenth Century work left from the wreckage of the Puritan soldiers.
St. Peter, St. Paul and St. Andrew will easily be recognized. There is
also a shield bearing the English arms in this window. In the south wall
of the nave there is a fine =Piscina= dating from the Twelfth Century. At
this point we shall have to interrupt our walk through the Cathedral to
examine =St. Wilfrid’s Needle=, the popular name for the Saxon =Crypt=.
“From a trap-door in the pavement below the piscina a flight of
twelve steps winds down into a flat-roofed and descending passage
2½ feet wide and slightly over 6 feet high, which, running a few
feet northwards and bending at right angles round the south-west
tower pier, extends eastward for about 10 yards, with a descent of
one step near the end, and terminates in a blank wall. There is a
square-headed niche at the turn and a round-headed niche at the
end, both meant, doubtless, to hold lights. Three feet from the end
a round-headed doorway, 2 feet wide and over 6 feet high, opens
northwards with a descent of two more steps, into a barrel-vaulted
chamber, 11 feet 5 inches long from east to west, 7 feet 7 inches
wide and 9 feet 10 inches high. In the north wall of this chamber,
and approached by three wide steps, is the celebrated St. Wilfrid’s
Needle, a round-headed aperture pierced through into a passage that
runs behind. This aperture was connected with one of those
superstitions that so often flourished before the Reformation in
notable centres of religion, and ability to pass through it, or
‘thread the needle,’ was regarded as a test of female chastity; but
it was, of course, in the later middle ages that this superstition
arose, and the ‘needle’ (or rather needle’s eye) is evidently only
one of the original niches with the back knocked out. Of these
niches (which again were doubtless for lights) there are four in
the chamber besides the ‘needle,’--one in each wall,--and, like the
niche at the end of the passage of entrance, they all have
semicircular heads, each cut in a single stone. That in the west
wall has a hole or cup at the bottom, probably to hold oil in which
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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