[19] The mark over a grave, for a year after burial, is a wooden post, cut square, and bearing the name, and the posthumous Buddhistic name, of the deceased. At the end of the year, a stone is substituted for the post. [20] A classical Chinese expression meaning war. [21] Quoted from a war-song. [22] The hawk is always the symbol of victory and is associated in the early legends with Jimmu Tenno’s victorious progress through Yamato. [23] The game of _go_, played with white and black counters on a board ruled into small squares, requires an immense amount of intellectual effort. In this respect it surpasses all games played in America, even chess. It is characteristic of the intellectual activity of the Japanese that this is a favorite game of all classes and all ages. [24] Kudan, the name of a hill in Tokyo upon which stands the Shokonsha, or “Spirit-Invoking-Temple,” wherein are enshrined the spirits of all those who have died for their country. It is one of the religious centres of the New Japan. [25] _Ri_, about two and a half miles. [26] The Mongol invasion here referred to is the one of 1274 A.D., when Kublai Khan, having made himself master of China and Korea, undertook the invasion of Japan. His fleet reached the Bay of Hakata, on the coast of Kyushu, but was dispersed by a storm after the first battle with the Japanese had driven the invaders back to their ships. [27] _Ho_, a fabulous bird of gigantic size, like the roc of the Arabian Nights. [28] _Tamashii_, spirit, the same word that in composition with Yamato becomes _damashii_. [29] Yen, the monetary unit, equal to one hundred sen, or fifty cents. [30] _Amé_, candy made from wheat gluten. [31] _Kwan_, a little over eight and a quarter pounds. [32] In Japanese poetry the cuckoo’s rare cry in the moonlight is treated as particularly sad and dismal. [33] A species of epic, or heroic ballad, sung to the accompaniment of the lute, or _biwa_, which has always been the music of the Japanese soldier. [34] A Buddhist priest. [35] Kwanon is the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy. Bato-Kwanon, or the Horse-headed Kwanon, is the special patroness of horses. In the country districts one may see rude images of Bato-Kwanon set up by the roadside, to which horses are brought and offerings made by their masters in their behalf. [36] The _ken_ measures about six feet. [37] Japanese proverb: The frog in the well knows not the great ocean. [38] Kimi ga yo, the national hymn, which may be roughly translated thus:— May our Lord’s dominion last, Till ten thousand years have passed And the stone On the shore at last has grown To a great rock, mossy and gray. [39] The words tokkwan, translated “final assault,” and this word, Tokkan, meaning the war-cry, belong close together in thought as in sound. The “Tokkan!” which has been retained in the translation, is onomatopoetic, and gives force to the words that immediately follow it. [40] “Medetashi!” Glorious! [41] _Tsurugi_, sword.