Human nature and the social orderCooley, Charles Horton
Science
Human nature and the social order
Cooley, Charles Horton
Individualism; Social psychology; Sociology
says the princess in Tasso; and this appears to express a general
principle. Each sex represents to the other a wide range of fresh and
vital experience inaccessible alone. Thus the woman usually stands for a
richer and more open emotional life, the man for a stronger mental
grasp, for control and synthesis. Alfred without Laura feels dull,
narrow, and coarse, while Laura on her part feels selfish and
hysterical.
Again, sympathy is selective, and thus illustrates a phase of the vital
process more talked about at present than any other. To go out into the
life of other people takes energy, as everyone may see in his own
experience; and since energy is limited and requires some special
stimulus to evoke it, sympathy becomes active only when our imaginations
are reaching out after something we admire or love, or in some way feel
the need to understand and make our own. A healthy mind, at least, does
not spend much energy on things that do not, in some way, contribute to
its development: ideas and persons that lie wholly aside from the
direction of its growth, or from which it has absorbed all they have to
give, necessarily lack interest for it and so fail to awaken sympathy.
An incontinent response to every suggestion offered indicates the
breaking down of that power of inhibition or refusal that is our natural
defence against the reception of material we cannot digest, and looks
toward weakness, instability, and mental decay. So with persons from
whom we have nothing to gain, in any sense, whom we do not admire, or
love, or fear, or hate, and who do not even interest us as psychological
problems or objects of charity, we can have no sympathy except of the
most superficial and fleeting sort. I do not overlook the fact that a
large class of people suffer a loss of human breadth and power by
falling into a narrow and exclusive habit of mind; but at the same time
personality is nothing unless it has character, individuality, a
distinctive line of growth, and to have this is to have a principle of
rejection as well as reception in sympathy.
Social development as a whole, and every act of sympathy as a part of
that development, is guided and stimulated in its selective growth by
feeling. The outgoing of the mind into the thought of another is always,
it would seem, an excursion in search of the congenial; not necessarily
of the pleasant, in the ordinary sense, but of that which is fitting or
congruous with our actual state of feeling. Thus we would not call
Carlyle or the Book of Job pleasant exactly, yet we have moods in which
these writers, however lacking in amenity, seem harmonious and
attractive.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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