In concluding this summary of the evidence as to Quaternary man, I must remark on the analogy which it presents to that of the historical period dealt with in the earlier chapters. In each case we have distinct evidence carrying us a long way back; in that of the historical period for 7000 years; in that of the Quaternary for a vastly longer time, which, if the effects of high eccentricity, postulated by Croll's theory, had any influence on the two last glacial periods, cannot be less than 200,000 years, an estimate which is confirmed by the amount of geological work and changes of flora and fauna which have taken place. In each case also the positive evidence takes us back to a state of things which gives the most incontrovertible proof of long previous existence; in the historical case the evidence of a dense population and high civilization already long prevailing when written records began; in the case of palæolithic man, that of his existence in the same state of rude civilization in the most remote regions, and over the greater part of the habitable earth, his almost uniform progression upwards from a lower to a higher civilization, and his existing at the beginning of the Quaternary period already differentiated into races as remote from one another as the typical races of the present day. These facts of themselves afford an irresistible presumption that the origin of the human race must be sought much further back, and it remains to consider what positive evidence has been adduced in support of this presumption. CHAPTER XI. TERTIARY MAN. Definition of Periods--Passage from Pliocene to Quaternary--Scarcity of Human Remains in Tertiary--Denudation--Evidence from Caves wanting--Tertiary Man a necessary inference from widespread existence of Quaternary Man--Both equally inconsistent with Genesis--Was the first great Glaciation Pliocene or Quaternary?--Section of Perrier--Confirms Croll's Theory--Elephas Meridionalis--Mammoth--St. Prest--Cut Bones--Instances of Tertiary Man--Halitherium--Balæonotus--Puy Courny--Thenay--Evidence for--Proofs of Human Agency--Latest Conclusions--Gaudry's Theory--Dryopithecus--Type of Tertiary Man--Skeleton of Castelnedolo--- Shows no approach to the Missing Link--Contrary to Theory of Evolution--- Must be sought in the Eocene--Evidence from the New World--Glacial Period in America--Palæolithic Implements--Quaternary Man--Similar to Europe--California--Conditions different--Auriferous Gravels--- Volcanic Eruptions--Enormous Denudation--Great Antiquity--Flora and Fauna--Point to Tertiary Age--Discovery of Human Remains--Table Mountain--Latest Finds--Calaveras Skull--Summary of Evidence--Other Evidence--Tuolumne--Brazil--Buenos Ayres--Nampa Images--Take us farther from First Origins and the Missing Link--If Darwin's Theory applies to Man, must go back to the Eocene.