Economic development -- Social aspects; Social evolution; Social problems; Work
What are the facts in true social economics as concerning this question?
They are these. The earth furnishes us with the raw materials for
living. Civilised man is able to combine those materials in consumable
form, and to distribute them to all, with increasing facility. Even
under all our obstructions, the rate of production and distribution
increases with rapid strides; if free—it is impossible to estimate the
gain.
Put it something like this:
A primitive man can obtain the necessities of life by giving all his
time to it. A civilised man of our day can produce his share of all the
necessities of life, in say one-tenth of his time. In the other
nine-tenths he can produce comforts, luxuries, all the higher products
of human life. Under right conditions, civilised man could produce the
necessities in a hundredth part of his time, and could so grow and
improve as to lift all the higher products to a far more advanced stage.
Fully supplied with all he needs of this social wealth, the producing
power of civilised man is far beyond his needs. “His needs” brings us
again to the question, “What is legitimate consumption?”
We assume that, unless rigidly kept down by arbitrary forces, man would
riotously consume in unending profusion; that he could not possibly
supply enough for general consumption; and that since the supply is
limited, it should be rigidly confined to those who can pay for it. This
is an unwarranted claim. Normal consumption does not increase in any
such wild way.
The normal demands of the whole human race for food can be met by the
materials at hand. Observe that they are in some measure met now; our
millions do live, do eat, even under present conditions. They might live
better, have a more improving diet, under better conditions. But if,
like Mr. Bounderby, we assume that everyone will wish “to be fed on
turtle soup with a gold spoon”—we are wrong. “Have some truffles!” urges
Mr. Newrich. “I don’t care for any,” answers Mr. Bornrich. “Not care for
truffles?” cries Mr. Newrich; “why, they cost five dollars!” “What of
that?” says Mr. Bornrich; “I don’t like ’em!” “Conspicuous consumption”
is a feature of leisure-class culture, of illegitimate wealth founded on
illegitimate poverty. With consumption on a natural basis, there would
be no great demand for nightingales’ tongues.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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