Economic development -- Social aspects; Social evolution; Social problems; Work
The social organism does not walk about on legs. It spreads and flows
over the surface of the earth, its members walking in apparent freedom,
yet bound indissolubly together and thrilling in response to social
stimulus and impulse.
Before Society grew at all we were but human animals, maintaining and
reproducing ourselves like any other animals, but with no _connection_,
no common life. They were of no faintest use to one another, but quite
the contrary, being legitimate competitors for a free supply, and so
naturally hating and destroying one another. As Society grows the
connection between its members grows and thickens and differentiates.
Men are of increasing use to one another, no longer competitors in any
legitimate sense, but combiners in common production and distribution,
and so naturally helping and loving one another. Those who still compete
and destroy are but survivals from the earlier period, mischievous
relics and back-numbers. All Social evolution is the story of the
development and improvement of the connective tissues of Society, from
language, the great psychic medium, to steel rail and wire, the
infinitely multiplying physical medium. This connection and interaction
of the human animals is the most conspicuous fact about them, and that
connection is by every test organic.
Another and similar reason for our denial of the social organism is the
fact of the temporary detachableness of the individual human being. Men
visibly walk about on their own feet, going apparently where they will,
and no examination discloses a Siamese band between one man and his
brother man. So when the sociologist says there is no such thing as a
separate human creature,—that a solitary human creature is a
contradiction in terms,—the average individualist replies, “See Robinson
Crusoe!” This answer shows great lack of biological knowledge. The
splendid growth of education in our day, which is beginning to teach our
children dynamics as well as statics, laws as well as facts, will soon
remove this ignorance.
If I say, “There is no such thing as a tree without roots,” it might be
replied, “But there is! See my Christmas tree?” Yes, it is there for a
little, but it is not really a tree, it is timber; it cannot last, nor
grow, nor reproduce its kind.
I may say, “There is no such thing as a man without a head,” and someone
reply, “But there is! See this gentleman on the dissecting table and his
head on the tray yonder.” That is not a man, it is a corpse. I may say,
“There is no such thing as a finger without a hand,” and it be replied,
“See this one here in alcohol!” That again is not a finger, it is but a
corpse. If you join a severed finger quickly enough, it will grow on
again. If you return a severed man to his society soon enough, he will
grow on again. So in this perfectly true statement, “There is no such
thing as a solitary human creature; it is a contradiction in terms”; the
presentation of a man on an island or in a prison cell is no answer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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