Humanism and America : $b Essays on the outlook of modern civilisation
Philosophy
Humanism and America : $b Essays on the outlook of modern civilisation
Humanism; Literature -- Philosophy; Philosophy, Modern; United States -- Civilization -- 20th century
Professor Whitehead’s philosophy spans the double field of religion and
science; and in each of these, I presume to say, he has come by the
circuitous ways of abstract reasoning to conclusions that in a lesser
man would be regarded as preposterous. If such a statement shocks you
or sounds disrespectful, take yourself the argument of his _Religion in
the Making_ and strip it to the bones. You will find that it proceeds
from the definition of religion as “the longing for justification,”
and is directed by the fact that “to-day there is but one religious
dogma in debate: What do you mean by ‘God’?” Upon this basis, then, Mr.
Whitehead undertakes to find such a meaning for the word “God” as will
satisfy man’s “longing for justification.” Such a simplification of the
religious problem will strike some inquirers as high-handed, but I let
that pass; it has at least whatever merits appertain to simplicity. And
I admit ungrudgingly that in the course of his lectures Mr. Whitehead
makes many shrewd observations on the deeper mysteries of human life.
Memorable passages might be quoted, for instance such sentences as
these, that touch the Crocean metaphysic on the quick: “To be an actual
thing is to be limited,” “Thus rightness of limitation is essential for
growth of reality,” “Unlimited possibility and abstract creativity can
procure nothing.”
But in the end how does Mr. Whitehead reply to his own question: “What
do you mean by ‘God’?” For convenience’ sake I quote this summary of
his answer from a eulogistic article in the _Hibbert Journal_ for July
1927:
All being does this [_i.e._, “comes to a focus in each thing”]
because it is its nature so to do. _This inherent nature of all
being is God._ All being does this because it is organised
according to the principle of concretion. All being does this
because of a certain order or character which pervades it. That
order pervading the universe that makes it concrete is God. God is
not himself concrete, says Whitehead, but he is the principle which
constitutes the concreteness of things.
That is to say, in still simpler language: An individual object is not
cut off from the universe, but stands in some relation to all other
objects and owes its character to this relationship; this is so because
it is the nature of things to be so; such is the law of “concretion,”
and the “principle of concretion” is God.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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