Knowing intuitively, as described by Bergson, is comparable to Buber's
considerations of man's necessary mode of becoming through "I-Thou"
relation. The criteria Buber describes as characteristic for "I-Thou"
relation are subscribed to in my approach to nursing practice and in
this human or phenomenological nursology approach.[16] Buber held as
prerequisite for intuitive type knowing of the other, or imagining the
real of his potential for being, a knower, and "I," capable of distance
from the other, able to see the other as a unique other, one who turns
to the other, makes his being present to the other, and allows the other
presence. The knowing, "I," in this case the nurse, responds to the
other's uniqueness, does not superimpose, maintains a capacity for
surprise and question, and is with the other, as opposed to "seeming to
be." This kind of relating cannot be superimposed on a nurse clinician
or researcher. It must be personally responsibly chosen and invested in.
The approach then of the second phase of this method and of the
transactional phase of nursing when nurses are in the arena with others
is the same. This method proposes that to study nursing from outside the
arena for purposes of objectivity bursts asunder the very nature of
nursing practice. The studier is a part of that which is being studied.
Observations interpreted from outside the situation could be classified
only as projections.
Phase III: Nurse Knowing the Other Scientifically
Bergson believes man knows incompletely through standing outside the
thing to be known, metaphorically walking around it, and observing it.
This analytical process, this viewing of a thing's many aspects, he
conceives as the habitual function of positive science. This is the
third phase of this phenomenological nursology method. Bergson says:
"... analysis multiplies endlessly the points of view ... to
complete the ever incomplete representation."
"All analysis is thus a translation, a development into
symbols, a representation taken from successive points of
view."
"Analysis ... is the operation which reduces the object to
elements already known, that is, common to that object and to
others."[17]
{73}
So phenomenological nursology proposes that after the studier has
experienced the other intuitively and absolutely, the experience be
conceptualized and expressed in accordance with the nurse's human
potential. Humanly we can express only sequentially while our actual
experienced lived worlds flow in an "all-at-once" fashion. Our words are
known symbols and categories used to convey the experience and thus deny
the uniqueness of each realized experience.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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