Phenomenology is grounded in experience. It values the raw data of
immediate experience. ("To the things themselves," was the slogan that
inspired and guided Husserl and his followers.) So this approach
requires, in the first place, attitudes of openness and awareness. It
involves learning to become conscious of spontaneous perceptions, or in
other words, getting in touch with one's sensations and feelings. It
means capturing prereflective experience, that is, becoming aware of
one's immediate impression or response to reality before labeling,
categorizing, or judging it.
In this kind of a state of readiness to receive what appears, a
phenomenon may be grasped intuitively. It is as if a particular bit of
reality, a happening, flashes _impressively_ into one's awareness. The
intensity of the experience and the absorption of one's attention in the
phenomenon vary over a wide range. There may be only a fleeting
recognition of a phenomenon accompanied by {80} a half-formulated
thought or judgment, such as, "hmm, that's interesting," with immediate
dismissal from or replacement of it by something else in one's
consciousness. The impression may, of course, be stored in memory and
pop out again at a later time. Or the phenomenon may strike on one's
consciousness more forcefully causing further pondering and wonder. Or
the impression of the phenomenon may be so startling that it fills one's
consciousness to the point of pushing all else out; a person is
momentarily "stopped in his tracks."
In the intuitive grasp, regardless of its intensity or duration, the
phenomenon appears clear and distinct. The intuitive grasp is an insight
into reality that bears the certainty of immediate experience. No
discursive process intervenes; one simply knows the phenomenon as it is
experienced. Furthermore, the intuitive grasp provides a kind of
definite and whole understanding, a gestalt, that allows recognition of
the phenomenon in other situations. So when the person is faced with
another event he can say, "Yes, that is the phenomenon under
consideration," or "No, that is not it."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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