Hume: (English Men of Letters Series)Huxley, Thomas Henry
Philosophy
Hume: (English Men of Letters Series)
Huxley, Thomas Henry
Hume, David, 1711-1776; Philosophers, Modern -- England -- Biography
"We learn from anatomy, that the immediate object of power in
voluntary motion is not the member itself which is moved, but
certain muscles and nerves and animal spirits, and perhaps
something still more minute and unknown, through which the motion
is successively propagated, ere it reach the member itself, whose
motion is the immediate object of volition. Can there be a more
certain proof that the power by which the whole operation is
performed, so far from being directly and fully known by an inward
sentiment or consciousness, is to the last degree mysterious and
unintelligible? Here the mind wills a certain event: Immediately
another event, unknown to ourselves, and totally different from the
one intended, is produced: This event produces another equally
unknown: Till at last, through a long succession, the desired event
is produced."--(IV. p. 78.)
A still stronger argument against ascribing an objective existence to
force or power, on the strength of our supposed direct intuition of
power in voluntary acts, may be urged from the unquestionable fact, that
we do not know, and cannot know, that volition does cause corporeal
motion; while there is a great deal to be said in favour of the view
that it is no cause, but merely a concomitant of that motion. But the
nature of volition will be more fitly considered hereafter.
FOOTNOTE:
[26] Hume, however, expressly includes the "records of our memory" among
his matters of fact.--(IV. p. 33.)
CHAPTER VII.
THE ORDER OF NATURE: MIRACLES.
If our beliefs of expectation are based on our beliefs of memory, and
anticipation is only inverted recollection, it necessarily follows that
every belief of expectation implies the belief that the future will have
a certain resemblance to the past. From the first hour of experience,
onwards, this belief is constantly being verified, until old age is
inclined to suspect that experience has nothing new to offer. And when
the experience of generation after generation is recorded, and a single
book tells us more than Methuselah could have learned, had he spent
every waking hour of his thousand years in learning; when apparent
disorders are found to be only the recurrent pulses of a slow working
order, and the wonder of a year becomes the commonplace of a century;
when repeated and minute examination never reveals a break in the chain
of causes and effects; and the whole edifice of practical life is built
upon our faith in its continuity; the belief that that chain has never
been broken and will never be broken, becomes one of the strongest and
most justifiable of human convictions. And it must be admitted to be a
reasonable request, if we ask those who would have us put faith in the
actual occurrence of interruptions of that order, to produce evidence
in favour of their view, not only equal, but superior, in weight to that
which leads us to adopt ours.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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