Humphry Davy, Poet and PhilosopherThorpe, T. E. (Thomas Edward)
Science
Humphry Davy, Poet and Philosopher
Thorpe, T. E. (Thomas Edward)
Davy, Humphry, Sir, 1778-1829
“I have had another severe attack of inflammation in the eye,
and was obliged to have the conjunctiva and cornea punctured. I
suspect the cause was some little imperceptible fragment. I am
just recovering, and hope I shall see as well soon as with the
other eye.”
In the following April he was sufficiently recovered to resume the
study of Dulong’s compound, and in a letter to Sir Joseph Banks, dated
June 20th, 1813, and subsequently published in the _Philosophical
Transactions_, he gives a number of details concerning its nature
and composition. He accurately determined its specific gravity--viz.
1·653--but although he made a number of determinations of the amounts
of its constituents by various methods, his deduction that it consisted
of one proportion of nitrogen to four of chlorine was incorrect.
The experiments of Gattermann, made with great skill and courage,
have conclusively shown that the compound is, as long surmised, a
trichloride of nitrogen.
At about the same period, as we learn from a letter to his brother,
dated April 4th, 1813, he attacked the chemistry of fluorine:--
“I am now quite recovered, and Jane [Lady Davy] is very well, and
we have both enjoyed the last month in London. I have been hard
at work. I have expelled fluorine from fluate of lead, fluate of
silver, and fluate of soda by chlorine. It is a new acidifier,
forming three powerful acids; hydrofluoric, silicated fluoric,
and fluo-boric. It has the most intense energies of combination
of any known body, instantly combining with all metals, and
decomposing glass. Like the fabled waters of the Styx, it cannot
be preserved, not even in the ape’s hoof. We have now a triad of
supporters of combustion.”
The results of Davy’s work were communicated to the Royal Society on
July 8th, 1813. In his paper he states that M. Ampère of Paris had
furnished him with many ingenious and original arguments in favour of
the analogy between the muriatic and fluoric compounds, based partly
upon his (Davy’s) views of the nature of chlorine, and partly upon
reasonings drawn from the experiments of Gay Lussac and Thenard.
After a short account of the main properties of the silicated fluoric
acid gas (silicon fluoride), discovered by Scheele, fluoric acid
(hydrofluoric acid), discovered by Scheele but first obtained pure by
Gay Lussac and Thenard, and fluoric acid (boron fluoride), discovered
by Gay Lussac and Thenard, he states that, on the hypothesis of M.
Ampère--
“the silicated fluoric acid is conceived to consist of a peculiar
undecompounded principle, analogous to chlorine and oxygen,
united to the basis of silica, or _silicum_; the fluo-boric
acid of the same principle united to boron; and the pure liquid
fluoric acid as this principle united to hydrogen,”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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