Hungarian literature : $b An historical & critical surveyReich, Emil
History
Hungarian literature : $b An historical & critical survey
Reich, Emil
Hungarian literature -- History and criticism
The influence of the _puszta_ on the Magyar poets is undeniable; and
Petőfi, more than any other Hungarian poet, seems to be the high-priest
and devotee of the peculiar charms of the great plain. The real relation,
however, between the poet and his country is that between the traveller
and the mirage. It is in the eyes of the former that the latter is
forming, and there alone. Petőfi creates the Fata Morgana, with which he
fills the vast horizon of his beloved _puszta_. Although professionally
a lyric poet, his lyrics are of the purely objective kind. Many of his
best poems might be told in prose, and in any other language, without
losing much of their charm. There is, in his best works, an abiding
_fond_ of poetry, quite independent of the music or picturesqueness
of his words, or the strikingness of his similes. Heine, in his best
moments, rivals without always equalling him. Petőfi’s poems are mostly
very short; they, as it were, only state the poetic scene which then
works on the imagination or heart of the reader quite alone. When Heine
speaks of the lonely pine-tree standing on the snow-covered heights of
the north, dreaming of a palm perched in the far east on a rock burning
with the heat of the sun of the desert, he strikes a chord that will
vibrate in us long after and beyond the two simple stanzas in which
he tells the story of the two trees. This is objective poetry. It is
in this that Petőfi excels. Already in some of his earliest poems he
writes perfect objective poetry. In “The Stolen Horse” (“_Lopott ló_,”
1843) we are told of one of those fleeting scenes in puszta-life, in
which the poet by seizing the pregnant point where present, past and
future meet, gives us the story of several lives in words so few as to
seem insufficient for the telling even of a short anecdote. A _csikós_
dashes on a stolen horse over the vast plain. The rich owner of the
noble animal, happening to pass by, recognizes his property, and calls
upon the _csikós_ to stop and surrender the horse. The fellow takes no
heed, and storms onward. Suddenly he stops, and turning round to the
owner, he exclaims, “Don’t miss your horse too badly; you have so many
of them. One heart was in my breast, and alas! your daughter has wrecked
it;” and disappears in the desert. The story of the poor boy’s love for
the haughty daughter of the rich man, her cruelty, the father’s pride,
the boy’s vengeance, his entrance on the wild life of a “poor lad,” or
robber; all that is pictured and suggested in the few words. In another
poem, the first line of which is “The wife of the inn-keeper loved
the vagabond” (“_A csaplárosné a betyárt szerette_,” 1844), the whole
tragedy of true love thwarted by lawless love is told in a few lines.
The vagabond (“_betyár_,” really “robber”) loves the maid of the wife
of an inn-keeper in the _puszta_. The wife loves the robber, and being
cut by him, drives away the poor girl, who dies of cold in the _puszta_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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