I. Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem. II. The fight at Finnsburh: a fragment.
General
I. Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem. II. The fight at Finnsburh: a fragment.
Dragons -- Poetry; Epic poetry, English (Old); Monsters -- Poetry
l. 1165. þā gȳt points to some future event when "each" was not "true to
other," undeveloped in this poem, suhtor-gefæderan = Hrōðgār and Hrōðulf,
l. 1018. Cf. āðum-swerian, l. 84.
l. 1167 almost repeats l. 500, æt fōtum, etc., where Unferð is first
introduced.
l. 1191. E. sees in this passage separate seats for youth and middle-aged
men, as in English college halls, chapels, convocations, and churches
still.
l. 1192. ymbutan, _round about_, is sometimes thus separated: ymb hīe ūtan;
cf. _Voyage of Ōhthere_, etc. (Sw.), p. 18, l. 34, etc.; _Bēowulf_, ll.
859, 1686, etc.
l. 1194. bewægned, a ἃπαξ λεγόμενον, tr. _offered_ by Th. Probably a p. p.
wægen, made into a vb. by -ian, like _own, drown_, etc. Cf. hafenian ( <
hafen, < hebban), etc.
l. 1196. E. takes the expression to mean "mantle and its rings or
broaches." "Rail" long survived in Mid. Eng. (_Piers Plow._, etc.).
l. 1196. This necklace was afterwards given by Beowulf to Hygd, ll. 2173,
2174.
ll. 1199-1215. From the obscure hints in the passage, a part of the poem
may be approximately dated,--if Hygelāc is the _Chochi-laicus_ of Gregory
of Tours, _Hist. Francorum_, iii. 3,--about A.D. 512-20.
l. 1200. The Breosinga men (Icel. _Brisinga men_) is the necklace of the
goddess Freya; cf. _Elder Edda, Hamarshemt._ Hāma stole the necklace from
the Gothic King Eormenrīc; cf. _Traveller's Song_, ll. 8, 18, 88, 111. The
comparison of the two necklaces leads the poet to anticipate Hygelāc's
history,--a suggestion of the poem's mosaic construction.
l. 1200. For Brōsinga mene, cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 72. C. suggests flēah, =
_fled_, for fealh, placing semicolon after byrig, and making hē subject of
flēah and gecēas.
l. 1202. B. conjectures gecēas ēcne rǣd to mean _he became a pious man and
at death went to heaven_. Heime (Hāma) in the _Thidrekssaga_ goes into a
cloister = to choose the better part (?). Cf. H.-So., p. 98. But cf.
Hrōðgār's language to Beowulf, ll. 1760, 1761.
l. 1211. S. proposes feoh, = _property_, for feorh, which would be a
parallel for brēost-gewǣdu ... bēah below.
l. 1213. E. remarks that in the _Laws of Cnut_, i. 26, the devil is called
se wōdfreca werewulf, _the ravening werwolf_.
l. 1215. C. proposes heals-bēge onfēng. _Beit._ viii. 570. For hreā- Kl.
suggests hrǣ-.
l. 1227. The son referred to is, according to Ettmüller, the one that
reigns after Hrōðgār.
l. 1229. Kl. suggests sī, = _be_, for _is_.
l. 1232. S. gives _wine-elated_ as the meaning of druncne.--_Beit._ ix.
139; Kl. _ibid._ 189, 194. But cf. _Judith_, ll. 67, 107.
l. 1235. Cf. l. 119 for similarity of language.
l. 1235. Kl. proposes gea-sceaft; but cf. l. 1267.
l. 1246. Ring armor was common in the Middle Ages. E. points out the
numerous forms of byrne in cognate languages,--Gothic, Icelandic, OHG.,
Slavonic, O. Irish, Romance, etc. Du Chaillu, _The Viking Age_, i. 126. Cf.
Murray's _Dict._ s. v.
l. 1248. ānwīg-gearwe = _ready for single combat_ (C.); but cf. Ha. p. 43;
_Beit._ ix. 210, 282.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account