The unsuspected testimony of Foy leaves the fearful iniquity of Napoléon’s seizure of the principal fortresses of Spain beyond dispute. “Il y eut,” says he, “dans les moyens par lesquels on s’en rendit maître, un mélange de l’astuce des faibles et de l’arrogance des forts. On n’employa que la ruse pour Pampelune et Saint-Sébastien.” (liv. iii.) The following is his detailed account of the seizure of these several fortresses:--The castle of Montjuic at Barcelona was too difficult of approach for the troops to reach it without being perceived. Duhesme went to the Count d’Ezpeleta, Captain-General of the province: “My soldiers occupy your citadel,” said he. “Open to me this instant the gates of Montjuic; for the Emperor Napoléon has ordered me to place a garrison in your fortresses. If you hesitate, I declare war against Spain, and you will be responsible for the torrents of blood which your resistance will have caused to flow.” The name of Napoléon produced its accustomed effect. The Spanish General was aged and timid, and the only instruction which his government had given him was to avoid taking any step which might embroil them with France. He resigned the keys of Montjuic, and General Duhesme became master of Catalonia. Thus fell without striking a blow, into the power of France, the largest city of the Spanish monarchy--a city which a century before had struggled single-handed, after all Spain had submitted, against the power of Louis XIV. The gates of the fortress of Pamplona had been opened to the French general Darmagnac as to a friend. But the military authority remained in the hands of the Viceroy, Marquis de Valle-Santoro, and the volunteer battalion of Tarragona, 700 men strong, was lying in the citadel, and performed the military service of the place. Since Cardinal Cisneros, regent of Castile, dismantled all the strong places of Navarre, with the exception of its capital, the received opinion has been that he who commands in Pamplona is master of the province. To command in Pamplona, it is requisite to obtain possession of the citadel. This fortress, built by Philip II., contains within it extensive magazines for munitions of war and mouth, and might hold out for an indefinite period. The French soldiers came on fixed days, in undress and unarmed, to receive their provisions in the interior of the citadel. The Spanish troops maintained a strict guard upon these occasions, and never failed to have the drawbridge raised during the entire time that the distribution lasted. During the night of the 15th February, 1808, Darmagnac collected 100 grenadiers at his lodgings, which he had taken “_non sans dessein_,” says Foy, on the esplanade which separates the town from the citadel. They entered their general’s residence with their firelocks and cartouches, one after the other, in profound silence. At seven o’clock on the morning of the 16th, sixty men went to receive their provisions as usual,