Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists: Ibsen, Strindberg, Becque, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Hervieu, Gorky, Duse and D'Annunzio, Maeterlinck and Bernard ShawHuneker, James
History
Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists: Ibsen, Strindberg, Becque, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Hervieu, Gorky, Duse and D'Annunzio, Maeterlinck and Bernard Shaw
Huneker, James
Dramatists; European drama -- 19th century -- History and criticism; European drama -- 20th century -- History and criticism
College Crampton (1892), Der Biberpelz (1893), Hannele (1893), Florian
Geyer (1896), Die Versunkene Glocke (1897), Fuhrmann Henschel(1898),
Schluck und Jau (1900), Michael Kramer (1900), Der rote Hahn (1901),
Der Arme Heinrich (1902), Rose Bernd (1903), complete the list thus
far of this fecund and remarkable man. He has felt his way through
naturalistic drama to comedy, and in the latter without much success;
and from comedy to historical drama, with no success at all; indeed,
Florian Geyer was a failure, though in its amended version as given
last October 22, in Berlin, at the Lessing Theatre, it won approval,
critical and popular. The poet has written a new five-act comedy for
the same theatre, which he calls The Merry Maiden of Bishopsberg.
The Beaver-Coat and The Red Cock--the symbol of fire--are folk-plays,
the comedy rather grim, the sense of actuality strong. The first is
a "thieves' comedy" and the fooling is heavy enough in both pieces;
the latter is a continuation. German officialism is parodied. Schluck
und Jau was also a failure. Written partially in prose and verse, it
recalls Calderon, Grillparzer, Shakespeare's prologue to The Taming of
the Shrew, and Hauptmann himself. Although Fuhrmann Henschel followed
Hannele and The Sunken Bell, we prefer to speak of it and several other
plays before those two masterpieces. Wagoner Henschel was a surprise
and a deep disappointment to many of Hauptmann's admirers. He seemed
to return to the most sordid of topics, yet it contains passages of
spiritual beauty; while as a whole the note it sounds is a supernatural
one, despite the vileness of its surroundings. The psychologic
depiction of Henschel's downfall is masterly. He is a stolid teamster
whose first wife in her death-bed makes him promise not to marry the
servant girl, Hanna Scholl. But he does, for some one must look after
his daughter. The moral _dégringolade_ begins. The woman is a vicious
slattern. She is unfaithful. Things go badly. Henschel comes to believe
that his first wife haunts him, and kills himself. It is very morbid,
but it fits in the Hauptmann scheme, as Professor J. F. Coar in his
Studies in German Literature shows: "Hannele contrasted spiritual
consciousness with moral consciousness. And Henry in The Sunken Bell
fails because he attempts what his creator, Hauptmann, attempted in
Hannele. How, then, shall a poet find his quest rewarded? Only by
seeking the spiritual mirrored in the moral. Hauptmann is far from
having such a vision in Teamster Henschel; still he is to be credited
with the effort to obtain it. Again, he could only see the misery of
life.... In constantly narrowing circles the thoughts of Henschel turn
about the one tense feeling of wrong committed when he married again
in violation of his promise. The infidelity of the second wife appears
to him like the judgment of God.... At night the figure of his dead
wife lies down with him.... There is no trace of dialectical reasoning
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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