Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists: Ibsen, Strindberg, Becque, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Hervieu, Gorky, Duse and D'Annunzio, Maeterlinck and Bernard ShawHuneker, James
History
Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists: Ibsen, Strindberg, Becque, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Hervieu, Gorky, Duse and D'Annunzio, Maeterlinck and Bernard Shaw
Huneker, James
Dramatists; European drama -- 19th century -- History and criticism; European drama -- 20th century -- History and criticism
A great dark angel appears and remains dumb to the child's excited
questionings. Her visions become involved here, for the Deaconess is
also seen, and while she is habited as Sister Martha, her features
are those of Hannele's mother. The child notices this and remarks
upon it. And now a touch of Hoffmannish fantasy is given in the
appearance of the village tailor, who salutes her as the Princess
Hannele, and delights her by producing a shining robe and a pair of
small slippers. Although she knows she is preparing for her death-bed,
she is delighted. Her conversation with the Deaconess has taught her
that death is not to be avoided--that it is the gate to joys eternal.
There is something subtly sad in this child eagerly asking about death
and the hereafter, with the awful symbol of death sitting in grim
silence before her. Hauptmann has deeply probed the childish heart. The
fantastic tailor retires after deferentially saluting Death, and then
some children, headed by Gottwald, enter and beg Hannele's pardon for
calling her Princess Rag-tag. Gottwald is bidding her farewell when a
lot of the village people appear, and later the crystal coffin into
which Hannele is laid. There is nothing repulsive in all this, despite
its realism. Hauptmann's art is so far removed from the crude that
sequence follows sequence in the most natural fashion and just as in De
Quincey's Dream Fugue.
Then comes the most dramatic part of these visions. Mattern slouches
in and begins to curse Hannele, and to search for her in the dark
corners. The neighbours cluster about the coffin, hiding it from view.
The stranger enters and calls Mattern to account. There is a scene
between the two. Mattern denies having treated the child badly, and
thunder and lightning rebuke him for the lie. He perjures himself, and
the mystic flower glows with miraculous light on Hannele's breast. The
neighbours, who play the part of Greek chorus, fiercely cry, "Murderer!
murderer!" and as one pursued by the Furies the miserable wretch rushes
away to hang himself. The stranger assumes a supernatural appearance.
He becomes clothed in white, and his brow shines. He advances to the
crystal basket wherein lies Hannele, and bids her arise. She does so,
and the neighbours flee affrighted. Remember that all this occurs
within the darkened chambers of Hannele's sick brain. Its objectivity,
so far as we are concerned, is a device of the dramatist. Hannele
arises and goes to the stranger, who is a glorified image of her
teacher, Gottwald. Some lyrical passages, strongly tinged with Oriental
colouring, follow, and an apotheosis closes the scene.
After all this burst of colour and harmony, for there is much music of
harps and plucked strings, we are almost instantly transported to the
almshouse again, and see Hannele once more in her rags on her squalid
bed. The doctor gravely announces, "She is dead," and Sister Martha
ends the play by saying, "She is in heaven."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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