Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists: Ibsen, Strindberg, Becque, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Hervieu, Gorky, Duse and D'Annunzio, Maeterlinck and Bernard ShawHuneker, James
History
Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists: Ibsen, Strindberg, Becque, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Hervieu, Gorky, Duse and D'Annunzio, Maeterlinck and Bernard Shaw
Huneker, James
Dramatists; European drama -- 19th century -- History and criticism; European drama -- 20th century -- History and criticism
Told with infinite technical skill, displayed on a canvas, the tints of
which modulate from dull copper to the vague mistiness of a summer sea,
this mermaid allegory of Ibsen had a charm that has almost vanished
in the translation and vanishes still more at a performance. Ellida
Wangel, The Lady from the Sea, is the second wife of Dr. Wangel, a
sensible, healthy bourgeois. She is jealous of his dead wife, she
is a neurotic creature given to reverie and easily impressed by the
strange, the far-away, the poetry of distance. In a mood of fantastic
excitement she once betrothed herself to a stranger, a sailor on an
American ship. He comes back to claim her, and so perfectly adjusted
are the atmospheric conditions of the drama, that we believe she should
leave her home and go away with this slightly supernatural and old-time
romantic figure.
In a stirring interview Ellida lets out the truths about her married
life to the perplexed Wangel--who is a sort of elder brother to
Helmer, though kinder of heart. "You bought me," she cries, her bosom
overcharged with the truth. It is the truth, but then, who cares co
face domestic truth? The worthy doctor is sadly taken aback. He had
married Ellida because his children needed a mother; he had--and "you
bought me all the same," is the cutting response. It is so. The man
sees the case from a different angle, and listens to her story of the
stranger. She will go when he returns, she says. He does return. He
does claim her; and in the garden scene at the end we see a situation
not unlike that last act of Candida. The stranger bids Ellida
prepare for departure. Wangel, who knows women better than it would
appear, tells her to go. "Now you can choose in freedom and your own
responsibility." The woman wavers and finally sends the sailor about
his business. The problem has been solved. Ellida can go to her husband
of her own free will.
Wicksteed's comment is refreshing. "The mere freedom of choice in which
Ellida Wangel and Nora Helmer lay such stress is but a condition, not
a principle of healthy life.... Without the spirit of self-surrender
free choice will never secure self-realization." This lady of the
light-house--Ellida was brought up in one--has two stepdaughters, the
eldest of whom contracts a loveless marriage, as does Svanhild in The
Comedy of Love, for the sake of a comfortable home. This parallelism
in the sub-plot is a favourite device of Ibsen--as though the children
mimicked the parents. The younger daughter later becomes the celebrated
Hilda Wangel who charms Master Builder Solness to his glory and ruin.
There is little in her here that gives evidence of such potentialities.
She is rather pert, wild, and self-conscious. The men of the play are
all excellently sketched. The Lady of the Sea, too, presents, in a
hazy symbol, the old lesson of individuality and free choice. But the
parable has never been so poetically uttered except in Brand.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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