Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists: Ibsen, Strindberg, Becque, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Hervieu, Gorky, Duse and D'Annunzio, Maeterlinck and Bernard ShawHuneker, James
History
Iconoclasts: A Book of Dramatists: Ibsen, Strindberg, Becque, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Hervieu, Gorky, Duse and D'Annunzio, Maeterlinck and Bernard Shaw
Huneker, James
Dramatists; European drama -- 19th century -- History and criticism; European drama -- 20th century -- History and criticism
Hedda stands for a certain order of her sex--not the "strong-minded"
or "advanced"--that is, happily, in the minority. In Ibsen's judgment
she is doomed to failure because she did not dare far enough. She
feared to sin, not because of scrupulosity, but because of the world's
opinion. If she ever allowed tender feelings to usurp the hard image of
herself enthroned in her soul, they were for Lövborg. He struck in her
a depraved chord of feeling. Both loved pleasure. Both took the seeming
for actuality. If there is one thing that discredits Lövborg's claim
as a man of genius, it is his worship of trivial things. The scholar,
the philosopher, the poet, seek pleasure, seek the gratification of the
senses; but Lövborg's attitude is too base. He is worthy of Hedda's
admiration, and Hedda's only.
With his incomparable irony Ibsen gives the victory to the weak, to
the stupid. We may foresee the future of George and Thea when the
shock of battle has passed. Both, dull persons, plodding, painstaking,
absolutely devoid of humour, settle down to a peaceful existence
over the "great" work of the dead Lövborg. It is all piteous, all
hopelessly banal--and it is also daily life to its central core.
To assert that Hedda's acts were alone the result of her condition
would be to place the drama within the category of the pathologic.
Rather is the point made that, _despite_ her approaching motherhood,
Hedda's manifest disgust at any reference to it is a sign of her
deep-seated depravity. She loathes children, especially a child of
Tesman. She is too selfish to enter, even imaginatively, into the joys
of maternity. Ibsen notes this when he puts into George's mouth the
silly speech about young wives and the burning of the manuscript. Hedda
is, on the contrary, less hysterical and more self-contained after
marriage than before. Nothing could be more damnably cold-blooded than
her deliberate manipulation of Lövborg's vain nature. Only at the grate
as she burns the manuscript and in the outburst of wild music preceding
her suicide are the demoniac forces of her nature unloosed.
The former act is, nevertheless, controlled by a slow, cautious hate,
and the latter occurs off the stage; the pistol shot is the final
punctuation mark to this destructive, restless existence. No, Ibsen
aimed at something more profound than exhibition of maternal hysteria.
The causes of Hedda's behaviour dated back to her girlhood. She was
perverse, how perverse we see in her shameless confession that she had
led George to an avowal simply because she wanted the comfortable
Falk villa for a residence. Her revolt against life was bounded by her
petty appetites, nothing more; and for this reason she is an invaluable
"human document."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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