Fungi -- Great Britain -- Identification; Mushrooms -- Identification
~Stropharia coronilla~ (Fries) Quélet, resembling a little mushroom
(i.e. _Agaricus_) is also found in sand-dune systems and, just as
species of _Psathyrella_, it possesses purplish black spores. However,
the cap is ochraceous yellow with a whitish margin formed of veil
fragments. The stem is white becoming yellow with age and possesses a
narrow, white striate ring. The spores are ellipsoid and measure 8-9 ×
4-5 µm and it has filamentous cells in the cap. Unlike _P. ammophila_
it is not confined to sand-dune systems but it is also to be found in
pastures and on heaths.
[Illustration: Plate 80. Sand-dune fungi]
~Conocybe dunensis~ P. D. Orton
Sand-dune brown cone cap.
_Cap_: width 10-30 mm. _Stem_: width 2-4 mm; length 40-100 mm.
_Description_: Plate 80.
Cap: conical then conico-expanded, date-brown, dull sand-colour or
dark liver-colour, drying buff or ochraceous, expallent, not or
indistinctly striate when moist.
Stem: whitish or pale ochraceous then darker ochraceous or dirty
brownish from the base up, lower part whitish and buried in the sand.
Flesh: thin and pale ochraceous.
Gills: adnate, whitish but soon pale honey and finally rusty honey.
Spore-print: rust-brown.
Spores: long, ellipsoid or slightly amygdaliform, golden brown under
the microscope with large germ-pore and 12-14 × 7-8 µm in size.
Facial cystidia: absent.
Marginal cystidia: capitate.
_General Information_: _C. dunensis_ differs from _C. tenera_ in its
dull colours (see p. 116) and habitat preferences. _Conocybe
dunensis_, _Stropharia coronilla_, the two species of _Psathyrella_
are all dull-coloured. However, in the sand-dunes colourful agarics
are also found. The most common is _Hygrocybe conicoides_ (P. D.
Orton) Orton & Watling; _Laccaria maritima_ (Theodowicz) Moser is
indeed an unusual but rewarding find. ‘Lac’ as in _Laccaria_ is a
red-brown resinous substrate produced by the lac-insect and resembles
the cap colour of many species of the genus, including _L. maritima_,
_L. laccata_ and _L. proxima_ (see p. 86). All these fungi were
formerly placed in _Clitocybe_, but they differ in the warted or spiny
spores which at maturity give the rather thick gills the appearance of
being heavily talced. _L. maritima_ can be distinguished from all
other species of Laccaria by the elongated spores which are minutely
spiny and not strongly warted as in _L. laccata_. _Hygrocybe
conicoides_ (P. D. Orton) Orton & Watling has a conical to
conico-convex, acutely umbonate cap with wavy-lobed margin; it is
scarlet or cherry-red, discolouring blackish with age or on bruising.
The gills are at first chrome-yellow then become flushed red and the
stem is yellow or greenish lemon becoming streaky blackish after
handling. The spores are 10-13 × 4-5 µm in size and slightly French
bean-shaped. It can be readily distinguished from close relatives,
e.g. _H.
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