Fungi -- Great Britain -- Identification; Mushrooms -- Identification
The Latin name ‘gambosum’ is derived from ‘gamba’ meaning a hoof and
this reflects the shape of the fleshy cap as it pushes up through the
grass. Another much older name is _Tricholoma georgii_ (Fries) Quélet
which was used by Clusius and is derived from the legend of St George.
_Illustrations_: Hvass 28; LH 83; WD 9².
[Illustration: Plate 32. Fleshy fungi: Spores white and borne on gills]
~Lepiota procera~ (Fries) S. F. Gray
Parasol mushroom
_Cap_: width 70-200 mm. _Stem_: width 12-20 mm; length 100-250 mm.
_Description_:
Cap: dull brown or greyish brown, oval or rounded at first, but later
becoming bell-shaped, finally expanding but for the central umbo and
the surface breaking up into shaggy scales.
Stem: straight, tapering upwards from a slightly bulbous base, felty
at first but then the surface breaking up into small patches which
finally resemble the pattern of a snake-skin; there is also a large,
thick, white ring which is brown below and becomes loose on the stem.
Gills: remote, white, crowded and fairly broad.
Flesh: white, thin, soft.
Spore-print: white.
Spores: very long, ellipsoid with a germ-pore, hyaline under the
microscope about 16 × 10 µm (14-17 × 9-12 µm), and becoming reddish
brown in solutions containing iodine.
Marginal cystidia: variable, elongate balloon-shaped and hyaline.
Facial cystidia: absent.
_Habitat_ & _Distribution_: Found from summer until mid-autumn, on the
outskirts of copses, in fields, at edges of woodland or in woodland
clearings; it is sometimes found in very large rings.
_General Information_: When this fungus first appears through the soil
it resembles a drum-stick with the margin of the unexpanded cap
tightly hugging the stem. It is an easily recognised fungus because of
its straight and graceful stature with large cap and tall stem. It is
one of our best edible fungi and cannot be confused with any other
agaric. _L. rhacodes_ (Vittadini) Quélet is not as elegant and has
much smaller spores.
_Illustrations_: F 26a; Hvass 15; LH 125; NB 31¹; WD 5¹.
[Illustration: Plate 33. Fleshy fungi: Spores white and borne on gills]
(c) Agarics of meadows and valley-bottom grasslands
~Psilocybe semilanceata~ (Secretan) Kummer
Liberty caps
_Cap_: width 8-14 mm; height up to 18 mm. _Stem_: width 4-6 mm; length
50-70 mm.
_Description_:
Cap: sharply conical, in fact often with a very distinct apical point,
never or very rarely becoming expanded, often fluted and puckered at
the incurved margin, smooth, viscid, pale buff or clay colour, but
soon flushed with greyish green at maturity and becoming free of the
fibrils of veil which ornament the margin when young.
Stem: slender, tough and smooth, similarly coloured to the cap and
sometimes blueing at the base when picked.
Gills: adnate to adnexed, crowded, purplish black except for white
edge.
Flesh: white or pallid.
Spore-print: purple-brown.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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