Coloured initials 1 0 Illumination 15 11 Binding 5 0 ----------- Total 7 7 11 The three _Processionals_ only cost £1. 17_s._ 4_d._, being written on 46 quaternions of cheap parchment made of sheep-skin which cost only 2½_d._ the quaternion. _Accounts of St Ewen's, Bristol._ The following extracts from the Parish accounts of the Church of St Ewen, in Bristol[237], give some details as to the cost of writing, illuminating and binding a manuscript _Lectionary_ during the years 1469 and 1470. The total expense is £3. 4_s._ 1_d._, quite equal to £20 in modern value. 1468-9. "Item, for j dossen and v quayers of vellom to perform the legend [i.e. to write the lectionary on] x^s vj^d Item, for wrytyng of the same xxv^s Item, for ix skynnys and j quayer of velom to the same legend v^s vj^d Item, for wrytyng of the forseyd legend iiij^s ij^d 1470-1471. Item for a red Skynne to kever the legent v^d Also for the binding and correcting of the seid Boke v^s Also for the lumining of the seid legent xiij^s vj^d CHAPTER XIV. THE MATERIALS AND TECHNICAL PROCESSES OF THE ILLUMINATOR. _Finest vellum._ _Vellum for scribes[238]._ The most remarkable skill is shown by the perfection to which the art of preparing vellum[239] for the scribe was brought. The exquisitely thin uterine vellum, which was specially used for the minutely written Anglo-Norman _Vulgates_ of the thirteenth century, has been already described; see page 113. For ivory-like beauty of colour and texture nothing could surpass the best Italian vellum of the fifteenth century. One occasional use of the very thin uterine vellum should be noted. For example in a German twelfth century copy of the _Vulgate_, now in the Corpus library in Cambridge, some of the miniature pictures have been painted on separate pieces of uterine vellum, and then pasted into their place on the thicker vellum pages of the manuscript. This, however, is an exceptional thing. _High price of vellum._ The vellum used for illuminated manuscripts appears to have been costly, partly on account of the skill and labour that were required for its production, and, in the case of uterine vellum on account of the great number of animals' skins that were required to provide enough material for the writing of a single manuscript such as a copy of the _Vulgate_. _Cost of vellum._