[296] A complete sixteenth century Venetian library, consisting of a hundred and seventy volumes, all with painted illuminations on their edges, is now in the library of Mr Thos. Brooke, at Armitage Bridge, near Huddersfield. The whole collection forms a beautiful array of delicately painted miniatures, mostly the work of Cesare Vecellio, a Venetian illuminator of the latter part of the sixteenth century; see _Catalogue of Mr Brooke's library_, London, 1891, Vol. II., pp. 663 to 681. [297] An analogous change took place in the reign of Elizabeth in England when coins, which up to that time had always been made by hammering, were first struck by the "mill and screw." [298] In the miniature pictures in manuscripts of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries one often sees ladies represented with their _Horae_ suspended in this way from their girdle. [299] See page 167. [300] See page 167. [301] The same want of appreciation extends to bindings. As a rule a book in a fine mediaeval binding sells for no more than if it were in a modern binding by Bedford. It is only the sixteenth century bindings of so-called "Grolier style" and the like which add largely to the value of a book. [302] This library is now deposited in the Guildhall; the press-mark is probably that of an old monastic library. [303] Probably a blundered version of Pliny's statement (_Hist. Nat._ XXXVII. 119) that azure blue (_cyanus_) was invented by a king of Egypt. [304] This is evidently a different thing from the _epicausterium_ or brazier for hot coals mentioned below. My friend Mr J. T. Micklethwaite suggests that it was a board covered with leather on which to stretch and dry vellum before writing on it. [305] An explanation of the nature and constitution of the Breviary will be found in the preface to the Psalter-volume of the Cambridge University Press edition of the Sarum Breviary, lately published. End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Illuminated Manuscripts in Classical and Mediaeval Times, by J. Henry Middleton