Enough has now been said, perhaps, to show in how many ways our
retrospective imagination transforms the actual events of our past life.
So thoroughly, indeed, do the relics of this past get shaken together in
new kaleidoscopic combinations, so much of the result of later
experiences gets imported into our early years, that it may well be
asked whether, if the record of our actual life were ever read out to
us, we should be able to recognize it. It looks as though we could be
sure of recalling only recent events with any degree of accuracy and
completeness. As soon as they recede at any considerable distance from
us, they are subject to a sort of atmospheric effect. Much grows
indistinct and drops altogether out of sight, and what is still seen
often takes a new and grotesquely unlike shape. More than this, the play
of fancy, like the action of some refracting medium, bends and distorts
the outlines of memory's objects, making them wholly unlike the
originals.
_Hallucinations of Memory._
We will now go on to the third class of mnemonic error, which I have
called the spectra of memory, where there is not simply a transformation
of the past event, but a complete imaginative creation of it. This class
of error corresponds, as I have observed, to an hallucination in the
region of sense-perception. And just as we distinguished between those
hallucinations of sense which arise first of all through some
peripherally caused subjective sensation, and those which want even this
element of reality and depend altogether on the activity of imagination,
so we may mark off two classes of mnemonic hallucination. The false
recollection may correspond to something past--and to this extent be a
recollection--though not to any objective fact, but only to a subjective
representation of such a fact, as, for example, a dream. In this case
the imitation of the mnemonic process may be very definite and complete.
Or the false recollection may be wholly a retrojection of a present
mental image, and so by no stretch of language be deserving of the name
recollection.
It is doubtful whether by any effort of will a person could bring
himself to regard a figment of his present imagination as representative
of a past reality. Definite and complete hallucinations of this sort do
not in normal circumstances arise. It seems necessary for a complete
illusion of memory that there should be something past and recovered at
the moment, though this may not be a real personal experience.[127] On
the other hand, it is possible, as we shall presently see, under certain
circumstances, to create out of present materials, and in a vague and
indefinite shape, pure phantoms of past experience, that is to say,
quasi-mnemonic images to which there correspond no past occurrences
whatever.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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