[60] For an account of Mr. Galton's researches, see _Mind_, No. xix. Compare, however, Professor Bain's judicious observations on these results in the next number of _Mind_. The liability of children to take images for percepts, is illustrated by the experiences related in a curious little work, _Visions_, by E.H. Clarke, M.D. (Boston, U.S., 1878), pp. 17, 46, and 212. [61] A common way of describing the relation of the hallucinatory to real objects, is to say that the former appear partly to cover and hide the latter. [62] Griesinger remarks that the forms of the hallucinations of the insane rarely depend on sense-disturbances alone. Though these are often the starting-point, it is the whole mental complexion of the time which gives the direction to the imagination. The common experience of seeing rats and mice running about during a fit of _delirium tremens_ very well illustrates the co-operation of peripheral impressions not usually attended to, and possibly magnified by the morbid state of sensibility of the time (in this case flying spots, _muscae volitantes_), with emotional conditions. (See Griesinger, _loc. cit._, p. 96.) [63] Wundt (_Physiologische Psychologie_, p. 652) tells us of an insane woodman who saw logs of wood on all hands in front of the real objects. [64] It is stated by Baillarger (Memoires de l'Academie Royale de Medicine, tom. xii. p. 273, etc.) that while visual hallucinations are more frequent than auditory in healthy life, the reverse relation holds in disease. At the same time, Griesinger remarks (_loc. cit._, p. 98) that visual hallucinations are rather more common than auditory in disease also. This is what we should expect from the number of subjective sensations connected with the peripheral organ of vision. The greater relative frequency of auditory hallucinations in disease, if made out, would seem to depend on the close connection between articulate sounds and the higher centres of intelligence, which centres are naturally the first to be thrown out of working order. It is possible, moreover, that auditory hallucinations are quite as common as visual in states of comparative health, though more easily overlooked. Professor Huxley relates that he is liable to auditory though not to visual hallucinations. (See _Elementary Lessons in Physiology_, p. 267.) [65] See Baillarger, _Memoires de l'Academie Royale de Medicine_, tom. xii. p. 273, _et seq._ [66] See Baillarger, _Annales Medico-Psychologiques_, tom. vi. p. 168 _et seq._; also tom. xii. p. 273, _et seq._ Compare Griesinger, _op. cit._ In a curious work entitled _Du Demon de Socrate_ (Paris, 1856), M. Lelut seeks to prove that the philosopher's admonitory voice was an incipient auditory hallucination symptomic of a nascent stage of mental alienation. [67] This is well brought out by Dr. J. Hughlings Jackson, in the papers in _Brain_, already referred to.