The localization of a bodily sensation in waking life means the
combination of a tactual and a visual image with the sensation. Thus, my
recognition of a twinge of toothache as coming from a certain tooth,
involves representations of the active and passive sensations which
touching and looking at the tooth would yield me. That is to say, the
feeling instantly calls up a compound mental image exactly answering to
a visual percept. This holds good in dream-interpretation too; the
interpretation is effected by means of a visual image. But since the
feeling is only very vaguely recognized, this visual image does not
answer to the bodily part concerned. Instead of this, the fancy of the
dreamer constructs some visual image which bears a vague resemblance to
the proper one, and is generally, if not always, an exaggeration of this
in point of extensive magnitude, etc. For example, a sensation arising
from pressure on the bladder, being dimly connected with the presence of
a fluid, calls up an image of a flood, and so on.
This mode of dream-interpretation has by some writers been erected into
the typical mode, under the name of dream-symbolism. Thus Scherner, in
his interesting though somewhat fanciful work, _Das Leben des Traumes_,
contends that the various regions of the body regularly disclose
themselves to the dream-fancy under the symbol of a building or group of
buildings; a pain in the head calling up, for example, the image of
spiders on the ceiling, intestinal sensations exciting an image of a
narrow alley, and so on. Such theories are clearly an exaggeration of
the fact that the localization of our bodily sensations during sleep is
necessarily imperfect.[90]
In many cases the image called up bears on its objective side no
discoverable resemblance to that of the bodily region or the exciting
cause of the sensation. Here the explanation must be looked for in the
subjective side of the sensation and mental image, that is to say, in
their emotional quality, as pleasurable or painful, distressing,
quieting, etc. It is to be observed, indeed, that in natural sleep, as
in the condition known as hypnotism, while differences of specific
quality in the sense-impressions are lost, the broad difference of the
pleasurable and the painful is never lost. It is, in fact, the
subjective emotional side of the sensation that uniformly forces itself
into consciousness. This being so, it follows that, speaking generally,
the sensations of sleep, both external and internal, or organic, will be
interpreted by what G.H. Lewes has called "an analogy of feeling;" that
is to say, by means of a mental image having some kindred emotional
character or colouring.
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