2. Shortens man’s labour; and thus, by doing his work, sets him at liberty for other work. Labour should be protected by securing its natural liberty; that is,— 1. By showing no partiality. 2. By removing the effects of former partiality. CAPITAL is something produced with a view to employment in further production. Labour is the origin, and Saving is the support, of capital. Capital consists of 1. Implements of labour. 2. Material, simple or compound, on which labour is employed. 3. Subsistence of labourers. Of these three parts, the first constitutes fixed capital; the second and third reproducible capital. Since capital is derived from labour, whatever economizes labour assists the growth of capital. Machinery economizes labour, and therefore assists the growth of capital. The growth of capital increases the demand for labour. Machinery, by assisting the growth of capital, therefore increases the demand for labour. In other words, productive industry is proportioned to capital, whether that capital be fixed or reproducible. The interests of the two classes of producers, labourers and capitalists, are therefore the same; the prosperity of both depending on the accumulation of CAPITAL. -------------- Of that which is necessary and agreeable to mankind, no measure can be taken; the materials being apparently inexhaustible, and the power of appropriation incessantly progressive. There is nothing very melancholy in this; and it is as true as if it was the saddest proposition that ever was made. Is there any known commodity which has failed from off the earth when men desired to retain it? Is it not true of every commodity, that in proportion as men desire to have more of it, its quantity is increased? The desire prompts to the requisite labour; and we know of no instance where the requisite labour has been universally stopped for want of materials. The Norwegians may want more wheat, and the Kamtchatkadales will certainly wish for better clothing by and by; but we know that neither corn nor broadcloth are failing, and that the labour is already being multiplied, and the accumulation of capital going on, which may, at length, supply both the one and the other party with what each needs. Even if every man, woman, and child should take a fancy for the scarcest productions of nature,—for diamonds, perhaps,—we have no reason to suppose that there are not, or will not in time be, diamonds enough to supply the human race; and if diamonds inspired as vehement a desire,—_i. e._, were as necessary,— as daily bread, there would assuredly be no lack of the labour requisite to procure them.