Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian AmericaCassin, John
Science
Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America
Cassin, John
Birds -- North America
In form, too, they vary exceedingly. Some are very slender, and
apparently feebly constituted; others are comparatively quite robust.
There are species which have bills excessively long, the _Sword-bearer_
(_Trochilus ensiferus_), which is about the size of the House Wren, has
a bill longer than its body. So entirely disproportionate does the bill
of this species appear to be, that few persons, on seeing specimens for
the first time, can avoid a suspicion that it has been artificially
lengthened; and we have more than once heard it suggested on such an
occasion that this remarkable appendage could readily have been drawn
out by processes used by comb-makers. This exceedingly long bill is,
however, no inconvenience whatever to the gay little individual who is
responsible for it, luckily for him;—in fact, it assists him admirably
in procuring an entirely honest subsistence amongst the large
trumpet-flowers, and others with long tubular corollas, abundant in
tropical countries. No other known species has this organ of a length so
disproportionate, though there are several in which it is unusually long
for birds of such size. The bill is, however, scarcely of the same form
and shape in any two species. In some, it is perfectly straight and very
short; in others, as we have already observed, it is very long. Numerous
others have the bill curved downwards, or scythe-shaped, and a few
species have it turned upwards, presenting a very singular appearance.
Other curious appendages are to be met with in species of this family.
One group has exceedingly long tails, three or four times the length of
the body. Several Humming Birds have the outer feathers of the tail
long, and though narrow for the greater part of their length, suddenly
expanded at the end like a paddle or a spoon. These seem to form a group
or sub-genus of their own, and are also remarkable for having the upper
part of the leg (the _tibia_, and sometimes part of the _tarsus_)
covered with a thick mass of white downy feathers, presenting one of the
many instances of phenomena to which it appears almost impossible in the
present state of our knowledge, to assign a use in the economy of the
species. The wings in all Humming Birds are large, when compared with
those of many other birds, and are formed for long-continued and rapid
flight.
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